Owing to the large specific capacity and low electrochemical potential, lithium metal anodes have attracted much attentions. However, owing to lithium metal's high reactivity and infinite volume change, the lithium dendrite formation is uncontrollable and even causes serious safety concerns. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotubes-foam graphene (CNT-GF) nanostuctures were synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition approach, followed by sputtering Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto CNT-GF surface to prepare Au/CNT-GF hierarchical structure. The lithium metal deposition behavior onto Au/CNT-GF was investigated by in-situ optical microscope characterization, and the current density distribution over the Au/CNT-GF electrode surface was explored by simulation. The electrochemical meaurements show that Au/CNT-GF exhibits excellent performance, including long cycle stability with high Coulombic efficiency (CE). For example, Au/CNT-GF electrode can cycle stably for more than 1100 h with a CE of higher than 99% when evaluated at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻². It can even stably cycle more than 300 cycles at a high current density of 5 mA cm⁻² with 1 mAh cm⁻². The results show that the improvement of electrochemical performance is attributed to the 3D structure with large specific surface area and the lithiophilic interface constructed by Au NPs. Finally, a full cell with LiFePO₄ (LFP) as cathode and Li@Au/CNT-GF as anode is assembled. After 500 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹, the full cell can deliver a capacity of 105.8 mAh g⁻¹ with a high capacity retention of 92%.

由于比容量大、电化学电位低，锂金属负极备受关注。然而，由于锂金属的高反应性和无限的体积变化，锂枝晶的形成是不可控的，甚至会引起严重的安全隐患。在这项工作中，使用化学气相沉积方法合成了三维 (3D) 碳纳米管-泡沫石墨烯 (CNT-GF) 纳米结构，然后将金纳米粒子 (Au NPs) 溅射到 CNT-GF 表面以制备 Au/CNT- GF层次结构。通过原位光学显微镜表征研究了锂金属在Au/CNT-GF上的沉积行为，并通过模拟探索了Au/CNT-GF电极表面的电流密度分布。电化学测量表明，Au/CNT-GF 表现出优异的性能，包括长循环稳定性和高库仑效率 (CE)。例如，当电流密度为 1 mA cm 时，Au/CNT-GF 电极可以稳定循环超过 1100 小时，CE 高于 99%^-2容量为1 mAh cm ^-2。^{它甚至可以在 5 mA cm -2}和 1 mAh cm ^-2的高电流密度下稳定循环超过 300 次。结果表明，电化学性能的提高归因于具有大比表面积的3D结构和Au NPs构建的亲锂界面。最后，组装了一个以 LiFePO ₄ (LFP) 为阴极和 Li@Au/CNT-GF 为阳极的全电池。在 100 mA g ^-1下循环 500 次后，全电池可提供 105.8 mAh g ^-1的容量，并具有 92% 的高容量保持率。