Although children frequently engage in creative activities (in which they make foods and objects by hand), the development and scope of children's thinking about handmade items is largely unexplored. In the present studies, we examined whether 4- to 12-year-old children at a local children's museum (54% girls, 46% boys; 51% White, 11% Asian/Asian American, 10% more than 1 group, 4% Latinx, 3% Black/African American, 18% did not report race/ethnicity) would expect other people to prefer handmade over factory-made items, including foods and nonfoods. In Experiments 1 (n = 124) and 2 (n = 122), participants expected a child character to prefer items the character made themselves and items made by the character's parent or a local person. However, this expectation did not persist at all costs: When considering imperfect handmade items in Experiment 3 (n = 122), children demonstrated a handmade preference when considering nonfoods made by a parent but demonstrated a factory-made preference when considering foods made by a parent. Children's explanations were associated with their choices: When children's explanations referred to emotions or relationships, they were more likely to select handmade items. When children referred to item features, they were more likely to select factory-made items. Across studies, we observed persistent age and gender effects: Children's handmade preference increased with child age and girls demonstrated a more robust handmade preference than boys. These findings highlight children's developing and nuanced reasoning about object value. At an early age, children consider who made an object as a contributor to its value. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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孩子们期望别人更喜欢手工制品。

尽管孩子们经常从事创造性活动（手工制作食物和物品），但孩子们对手工制品的思考的发展和范围在很大程度上尚未被探索。在本研究中，我们调查了当地儿童博物馆中 4 至 12 岁的儿童（54% 女孩，46% 男孩；51% 白人，11% 亚裔/亚裔美国人，10% 超过 1 组，4 % 拉丁裔、3% 黑人/非裔美国人、18% 未报告种族/民族）会期望其他人更喜欢手工制品而不是工厂制造的物品，包括食品和非食品。在实验 1 (n = 124) 和 2 (n = 122) 中，参与者期望儿童角色更喜欢角色自己制作的物品以及角色的父母或当地人制作的物品。然而，这种期望并没有不惜一切代价持续存在：在实验3（n = 122）中考虑不完美的手工制品时，孩子们在考虑父母制作的非食物时表现出手工制作的偏好，但在考虑父母制作的食物时表现出工厂制作的偏好。父母。儿童的解释与他们的选择相关：当儿童的解释涉及情感或关系时，他们更有可能选择手工制品。当孩子们提到物品特征时，他们更有可能选择工厂制造的物品。在各项研究中，我们观察到持续的年龄和性别影响：儿童对手工制作的偏好随着年龄的增长而增加，女孩比男孩表现出更强烈的手工制作偏好。这些发现强调了儿童对物体价值的不断发展和细致的推理。在很小的时候，孩子们就会考虑是谁制造了一个物体，作为其价值的贡献者。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。