Age-related developments in sleep during the preschool years are normative and consequential. Yet, very few studies have examined the antecedents of individual differences in such developments, and most have used parental reports of child sleep. This study aimed to investigate the roles of mutual responsiveness in mother-child interactions and child temperamental anger proneness in the prediction of changes in sleep during the preschool period. The sample was comprised of 94 children (44 girls, 50 boys) of mostly White (93%) and college-educated (85%) mothers. Mother-child mutual responsiveness and child anger proneness were assessed at 2 years, and sleep was assessed using actigraphy at the ages of 2, 3, and 4 years. Multilevel growth models revealed that higher temperamental anger proneness was concurrently associated with lower sleep efficiency and shorter nighttime sleep duration at 2 years. In regard to changes in sleep, nighttime sleep duration decreased between 2 and 4 years among children exposed to lower mutual responsiveness in interactions with their mothers. High anger proneness was related to an increase in sleep efficiency from 2 to 4 years, whereas low anger proneness was associated with a decrease in nighttime duration during the same period. No interactive effect was found between anger proneness and mother-child mutual responsiveness. These results suggest that mother-child relationships and child temperament may play different roles, not only in children's concurrent sleep patterns but also in changes in sleep across the preschool period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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母子互动和儿童愤怒倾向是学龄前睡眠变化的前因。

学龄前阶段与年龄相关的睡眠发展是规范和重要的。然而，很少有研究检查这种发展中个体差异的前因，大多数研究都使用了父母关于儿童睡眠的报告。本研究旨在探讨母子互动中的相互反应和儿童气质愤怒倾向在预测学龄前睡眠变化中的作用。样本由 94 名儿童（44 名女孩，50 名男孩）组成，其中大部分是白人（93%）和受过大学教育（85%）的母亲。在 2 岁时评估母子相互反应和儿童愤怒倾向，并在 2、3 和 4 岁时使用活动记录仪评估睡眠。多层次增长模型显示，较高的气质愤怒倾向同时与较低的睡眠效率和较短的 2 年夜间睡眠时间相关。在睡眠变化方面，在与母亲互动时相互反应较低的儿童夜间睡眠时间减少了 2 至 4 年。高愤怒倾向与 2 至 4 年的睡眠效率增加有关，而低愤怒倾向与同一时期夜间持续时间的减少有关。愤怒倾向与母子相互反应之间没有交互作用。这些结果表明，母子关系和儿童气质可能发挥不同的作用，不仅在儿童的同步睡眠模式中，而且在整个学龄前阶段的睡眠变化中。