Immigration flows and social inequalities reflect increased social and multi-ethnic segregation in contemporary urban Europe. For a better understanding of these processes, the present study investigates the main strengths of the multi-group residential indices, testing sensitivity and reliability under different metropolitan contexts in five European countries. These indices focus on different research dimensions and approach multi-group residential segregation conceptually and mathematically in a different way. A multivariate exploratory data analysis was adopted to classify the observed segregation patterns into a few homogeneous types and to delineate the multivariate relationship between the indices. The results of principal component analysis demonstrate that the indices assessing uniformity and disproportionality of the social groups analysed (H and D) contribute largely to the diversification in today's multi-ethnic communities, clarifying the importance of the dimension of evenness. Our results highlight how segregation is more evident in economically disadvantaged metropolitan regions with high levels of social vulnerability.

中文翻译：

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测量多种族和不平等的欧洲城市的居住隔离

移民流动和社会不平等反映了当代欧洲城市社会和多种族隔离的加剧。为了更好地理解这些过程，本研究调查了五个欧洲国家不同大都市背景下多组住宅指数、测试灵敏度和可靠性的主要优势。这些指数侧重于不同的研究维度，并以不同的方式在概念和数学上处理多群体居住隔离。采用多变量探索性数据分析将观察到的分离模式分类为几个同质类型，并描述指数之间的多变量关系。主成分分析的结果表明，评估所分析的社会群体（H 和 D）的均匀性和比例失调的指标在很大程度上促进了当今多民族社区的多样化，阐明了均匀性维度的重要性。我们的研究结果强调了在社会脆弱性高、经济落后的大都市地区，隔离如何更加明显。