There has been a dramatic increase in clinical studies examining the relationship between disorders of gut-brain interactions and symptoms evoked by food ingestion in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, but study design is challenging to verify valid endpoints. Consequently, mechanistic studies demonstrating biological relevance, biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are greatly needed. This review highlights emerging mechanisms related to nutrient sensing and tasting, maldigestion, physical effects with underlying visceral hypersensitivity, allergy and immune mechanisms, food-microbiota interactions and gut-brain signaling, with a focus on patients with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Many patients suffering from disorders of gut-brain interactions exhibit these mechanism(s) but which ones and which specific properties may vary widely from patient to patient. Thus, in addition to identifying these mechanisms and the need for further studies, biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are identified that could enable enriched patient groups to be studied in future clinical trials examining the role of food in the generation of gut and non-gut symptoms.

中文翻译：

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肠脑相互作用障碍中食物引发症状的机制。


检查肠-脑相互作用障碍与上、下胃肠道食物摄入引起的症状之间关系的临床研究急剧增加，但研究设计很难验证有效的终点。因此，非常需要证明生物学相关性、生物标志物和新治疗靶点的机制研究。这篇综述重点介绍了与营养感知和品尝、消化不良、潜在内脏过敏引起的身体影响、过敏和免疫机制、食物-微生物群相互作用以及肠-脑信号传导相关的新兴机制，重点关注功能性消化不良和肠易激综合征患者。许多患有肠-脑相互作用障碍的患者表现出这些机制，但哪些机制和哪些具体特性可能因患者而异。因此，除了确定这些机制和进一步研究的必要性之外，还确定了生物标志物和新的治疗靶点，可以在未来的临床试验中研究丰富的患者群体，以检查食物在肠道和非肠道症状产生中的作用。