ABSTRACT

The purpose for this paper is to present a measured perspective on the empirical literature examining point and level (P&L) systems in residential care settings. We review the history of P&L and eight of the most common criticisms of its use in residential care settings. The relative merits of each of the criticisms are discussed. There is no empirical research support for the criticisms of P&L when well-implemented. There are, nonetheless, barriers to success that arise when P&L program are not well-executed. Effective P&L programs are characterized by developing positive relationships, maintain high ratios of positive to negative feedback, are individualized to each youth’s needs, have appropriate tolerances, and systematically fade youth off P&L in preparation for returning to their families or independent living.

摘要

本文的目的是对住宅护理环境中的实证文献检查点和水平 (P&L) 系统提出一个衡量的观点。我们回顾了 P&L 的历史以及对其在住宿护理环境中使用的八个最常见的批评。讨论了每种批评的相对优点。如果实施得当，对损益表的批评没有实证研究支持。然而，当损益计划执行不当时，成功的障碍就会出现。有效的 P&L 计划的特点是发展积极的关系，保持高比例的正面反馈和负面反馈，针对每个青少年的需求进行个性化设置，具有适当的容忍度，并系统地让青少年远离 P&L，为重返家庭或独立生活做准备。