Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare complication following traumatic injuries in pediatric patients, and tibia fractures represent the most common cause of ACS. To determine the incidence and risk factors of developing ACS, State Inpatient Databases, State Emergency Department Databases, and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, were used to retrospectively identify patients 1–18 years of age with tibia fractures from 2006 to 2015 (quarter 3). The HCUP Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for nationwide data was also queried. Multivariable generalized estimating equations models were used to determine risk factors associated with development of ACS. A total of 50 640 patients with tibia fractures were studied, and 309 cases of ACS were identified. The incidence of ACS was 0.6 and 5.5% in the all tibia and open tibia fracture groups, respectively. Twenty-three cases of ACS (7.4% of all ACS) were diagnosed after discharge from the index admission, which was more common in teens treated nonoperatively. Predictors of increased ACS risk in the all tibia fracture group included age 13–18 [relative risk (RR): 4.04)], open fractures (RR: 3.83), and motor vehicle crash (MVC) mechanism (RR: 5.69). Nationwide, open and operatively treated fractures had an increased ACS rate (3.98 and 5.51%, respectively). Teenagers, open fractures, and MVC mechanisms were most strongly associated with ACS. ACS can present in a delayed fashion, as evidenced by postindex cases.

急性筋膜室综合征（ACS）是儿科患者创伤后的一种罕见并发症，而胫骨骨折是 ACS 的最常见原因。为了确定 ACS 的发生率和风险因素，使用来自医疗保健研究和质量机构的医疗保健成本和利用项目 (HCUP) 的州住院数据库、州急诊科数据库以及州门诊手术和服务数据库来回顾性地确定2006 年至 2015 年（第 3 季度）1-18 岁胫骨骨折患者。还询问了 HCUP 全国急诊科全国数据样本。使用多变量广义估计方程模型来确定与 ACS 发生相关的风险因素。总共研究了 50 640 例胫骨骨折患者，发现 309 例 ACS 病例。所有胫骨骨折组和开放性胫骨骨折组中 ACS 的发生率分别为 0.6% 和 5.5%。23 例 ACS 病例（占所有 ACS 的 7.4%）是在首次入院出院后被诊断出来的，这在接受非手术治疗的青少年中更为常见。全胫骨骨折组 ACS 风险增加的预测因子包括 13-18 岁[相对风险 (RR)：4.04)]、开放性骨折 (RR：3.83) 和机动车碰撞 (MVC) 机制 (RR：5.69)。在全国范围内，开放性骨折和手术治疗骨折的 ACS 发生率较高（分别为 3.98% 和 5.51%）。青少年、开放性骨折和 MVC 机制与 ACS 的相关性最强。ACS 可以以延迟的方式出现，正如索引后病例所证明的那样。