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Subjective experience and meaning of delusions in psychosis: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
The Lancet Psychiatry ( IF 30.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-04 , DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00104-3
Rosa Ritunnano 1 , Joshua Kleinman 2 , Danniella Whyte Oshodi 3 , Maria Michail 4 , Barnaby Nelson 5 , Clara S Humpston 6 , Matthew R Broome 7
Affiliation  

Background

Delusions are a common transdiagnostic feature of psychotic disorders, and their treatment remains suboptimal. Despite the pressing need to better understand the nature, meaning, and course of these symptoms, research into the lived experience of delusional phenomena in psychosis is scarce. Thus, we aimed to explore the lived experience and subjective apprehension of delusions in help-seeking individuals with psychosis, regardless of diagnosis and thematic content of the delusion.

Methods

In our systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science for qualitative studies published in English from database inception, with the last search on Sept 9, 2021. Grey literature search and hand-searching of relevant journals were also done. Studies were eligible if they provided an analysis of lived experience of delusions or predelusional phenomena presented from the perspective of individuals (age 14–65 years) who had developed a clinical high-risk stage of psychosis, or a diagnosable affective or non-affective psychotic disorder (as clinically defined, self-reported, or assessed within the primary study). Studies with only a subset of relevant participants were eligible only if data for the population of interest were reported separately. Studies that did not discriminate between the experience of delusion and other positive symptoms (eg, hallucinations) were included only if data for delusions were reported separately or could be extracted. First-person accounts (and author interpretations) discussing changes in the sense of self, lived world, and meaning in relation to delusions were extracted and synthesised using a novel thematic synthesis approach informed by a critical realist stance and a phenomenological theoretical framework. Analytic themes were developed into a new overarching framework for understanding the emergence of delusional phenomena. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020222104.

Findings

Of the 3265 records screened, 2115 were identified after duplicate removal. Of these, 1982 were excluded after title and abstract screening and 106 after full-text eligibility assessment. Of the 27 studies entering quality assessment, 24 eligible studies were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis, representing the perspectives of 373 help-seeking individuals with lived experience of delusions in the context of psychosis. Gender was reported as male (n=210), female (n=110), transgender (n=1), or not reported (n=52). Only 13 studies reported ethnicity, with White being predominant. The age of most participants ranged from 15 to 65 years. We found no eligible studies investigating subclinical or predelusional experiences in at-risk mental state populations through qualitative methods. Most studies were undertaken in western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, and most included participants had received or self-reported a diagnosis within the schizophrenia spectrum. Studies differed in relation to whether they focused on one kind or theme of delusion or delusional phenomena more generally as a unified category. Three superordinate themes relating to experiential changes and meanings in delusion were identified: (1) a radical rearrangement of the lived world dominated by intense emotions; (2) doubting, losing, and finding oneself again within delusional realities; and (3) searching for meaning, belonging, and coherence beyond mere dysfunction. Based on the review findings and thematic synthesis, we propose the Emergence Model of Delusion to advance understanding of delusional phenomena in psychosis.

Interpretation

Delusions are best understood as strongly individualised and inherently complex phenomena emerging from a dynamic interplay between interdependent subpersonal, personal, interpersonal, and sociocultural processes. Integrative approaches to research on delusion, which consider their potential adaptiveness and favour explanatory pluralism, might be advantageous. Effective clinical care for individuals with psychosis might need adapting to match more closely, and take account of, the subjective experience and meaning of delusions as they are lived through, which might also help redress power imbalances and enduring epistemic injustices in mental health.

Funding

Priestley Scholars, Wellcome Trust.



中文翻译:

精神病妄想的主观体验和意义:系统评价和定性证据综合

背景

妄想是精神病常见的跨诊断特征,其治疗仍不理想。尽管迫切需要更好地理解这些症状的性质、意义和病程,但对精神病妄想现象的生活经验的研究却很少。因此,我们旨在探索寻求帮助的精神病患者对妄想的生活体验和主观理解,无论妄想的诊断和主题内容如何。

方法

在我们的系统评价和定性证据综合中,我们检索了 MEDLINE、Embase、PsycINFO、CINAHL 和 Web of Science,以查找从数据库开始以英语发表的定性研究,最后一次检索是 2021 年 9 月 9 日。灰色文献检索和手工检索相关期刊也做了。如果研究从已发展为临床高危精神病阶段或可诊断的情感或非情感性精神病的个体(年龄 14-65 岁)的角度对妄想或妄想前现象的生活经验进行分析,则这些研究符合条件障碍(如临床定义、自我报告或在主要研究中评估)。只有当感兴趣人群的数据单独报告时,只有一部分相关参与者的研究才符合条件。仅当单独报告妄想数据或可以提取妄想数据时,才纳入不区分妄想体验和其他阳性症状(例如幻觉)的研究。使用以批判现实主义立场和现象学理论框架为基础的新颖主题综合方法提取和综合了讨论自我意识、生活世界和与妄想相关的意义的变化的第一人称叙述(和作者解释)。分析主题被发展成一个新的总体框架,用于理解妄想现象的出现。该研究在 PROSPERO 注册,CRD42020222104。使用以批判现实主义立场和现象学理论框架为基础的新颖主题综合方法提取和综合了讨论自我意识、生活世界和与妄想相关的意义的变化的第一人称叙述(和作者解释)。分析主题被发展成一个新的总体框架,用于理解妄想现象的出现。该研究在 PROSPERO 注册,CRD42020222104。使用以批判现实主义立场和现象学理论框架为基础的新颖主题综合方法提取和综合了讨论自我意识、生活世界和与妄想相关的意义的变化的第一人称叙述(和作者解释)。分析主题被发展成一个新的总体框架,用于理解妄想现象的出现。该研究在 PROSPERO 注册,CRD42020222104。分析主题被发展成一个新的总体框架,用于理解妄想现象的出现。该研究在 PROSPERO 注册,CRD42020222104。分析主题被发展成一个新的总体框架,用于理解妄想现象的出现。该研究在 PROSPERO 注册,CRD42020222104。

发现

在筛选的 3265 条记录中,有 2115 条在重复删除后被识别。其中,1982 人在标题和摘要筛选后被排除,106 人在全文资格评估后被排除。在进入质量评估的 27 项研究中,24 项符合条件的研究被纳入定性证据综合,代表了 373 名在精神病背景下有过妄想经历的求助者的观点。性别被报告为男性(n = 210),女性(n = 110),跨性别(n = 1)或未报告(n = 52)。只有 13 项研究报告了种族,白人占主导地位。大多数参与者的年龄在 15 至 65 岁之间。我们发现没有符合条件的研究通过定性方法调查高危精神状态人群的亚临床或妄想前经历。大多数研究是在西方进行的,受过教育,工业化、富裕和民主(WEIRD)社会,大多数参与者都接受或自我报告了精神分裂症范围内的诊断。研究的不同之处在于它们是否将注意力集中在一种或主题的妄想或妄想现象上,更普遍地作为一个统一的类别。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。大多数参与的参与者都接受或自我报告了精神分裂症谱系内的诊断。研究的不同之处在于它们是否将注意力集中在一种或主题的妄想或妄想现象上,更普遍地作为一个统一的类别。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。大多数参与的参与者都接受或自我报告了精神分裂症谱系内的诊断。研究的不同之处在于它们是否将注意力集中在一种或主题的妄想或妄想现象上,更普遍地作为一个统一的类别。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。研究的不同之处在于它们是否将注意力集中在一种或主题的妄想或妄想现象上,更普遍地作为一个统一的类别。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。研究的不同之处在于它们是否将注意力集中在一种或主题的妄想或妄想现象上,更普遍地作为一个统一的类别。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。确定了与妄想中的经验变化和意义有关的三个上位主题:(1)对强烈情绪主导的生活世界的彻底重新安排;(2) 在妄想的现实中怀疑、迷失和重新发现自己;(3) 超越单纯的功能障碍,寻找意义、归属感和连贯性。基于审查结果和主题综合,我们提出了妄想的出现模型,以促进对精神病妄想现象的理解。

解释

妄想最好被理解为在相互依赖的亚个人、个人、人际关系和社会文化过程之间的动态相互作用中出现的强烈个体化和内在复杂的现象。综合性的妄想研究方法,考虑到它们的潜在适应性并支持解释多元化,可能是有利的。对精神病患者的有效临床护理可能需要适应更紧密的匹配,并考虑到妄想的主观体验和意义,这也可能有助于纠正权力不平衡和心理健康中持久的认知不公正。

资金

普里斯特利学者,惠康信托。

更新日期:2022-05-04
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