Subsoiling loose subsoil, plowing loose topsoil, burying crop residue, the take turns used of subsoiling and plowing in years seem to be good methods to achieve the goal of regulating topsoil and subsoil structure and improving soil fertility and crop yield. However, the evaluation of the long-term effects of a subsoiling and plowing yearly rotation in a crop residue retention cropping system is lacking. Therefore, a 12-year (2007–2019) experiment was established to evaluate the influence of a subsoiling and plowing rotation with residue retention on water-stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) storage, and crop yield in a winter wheat-spring maize rotation field. Tillage treatment was 1-year subsoiling and 1-year plowing rotation (ST/CT), and continuous subsoiling (ST) and plowing (CT) were used as controls. During the 12-year experiment, the ST/CT rotation reduced the mean C input of winter wheat (5.4%) and spring maize (1.7%) at harvest compared with the ST treatment but significantly improved the mean C input of winter wheat (6.2%) and spring maize (10.9%) at harvest compared with the CT treatment. After 12 years of the experiment (2019), the ST/CT rotation significantly increased water-stable macroaggregates (6.6% and 7.7%) at 0–40 cm compared with the ST and CT treatments, respectively. In addition, the ST/CT rotation had a lower SOC (0.11 Mg·ha⁻¹) and N (0.16 Mg·ha⁻¹) storage at the 0–10 cm soil depth than the ST treatment. However, the ST/CT rotation had a higher SOC (0.51 and 2.77 Mg·ha⁻¹) and N storage (0.11 and 0.18 Mg·ha⁻¹) at the 10–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths than the ST treatment. When compared to the CT treatment, the ST/CT rotation significantly improved SOC and N storage at 0–10 cm (4.24 and 0.18 Mg·ha⁻¹), 10–20 cm (0.50 and 0.14 Mg·ha⁻¹), and 20–40 cm (2.66 and 0.22 Mg·ha⁻¹), respectively. Additionally, the ST/CT rotation also significantly enhanced the yield of winter wheat (5.6% and 10.5%) and spring maize (8.4% and 12.7%) compared with the ST and CT treatments, respectively. Different tillage significantly influenced the yield stability and sustainability of winter wheat, but no marked differences were observed in spring maize. In addition, a nonlinear relationship indicated that maximal SOC storage-responsive C input levels ranged from 3580 kg·ha⁻¹ to 6007 kg·ha⁻¹ for winter wheat and spring maize. ST/CT rotation can increase SOC storage before C saturation to reach maximized yield. To improve and sustain nutrient storage and crop production in winter wheat-fallow-spring maize rotation fields, ST/CT rotation seems to be a more suitable tillage practice.

深松松土、翻松表土、掩埋作物残茬、深松轮作多年，似乎是达到调节表土和底土结构、提高土壤肥力和作物产量的好方法。然而，缺乏对作物残茬保留种植系统中深松和每年轮作的长期影响的评估。因此，建立了一项为期 12 年（2007-2019 年）的实验，以评估深松和耕作轮作与残留物滞留对水稳性团聚体 (WSA)、土壤有机碳 (SOC)、总氮 (TN) 储存、冬小麦-春玉米轮作田的作物产量。耕作处理为 1 年深松和 1 年轮作 (ST/CT)，并以连续深松 (ST) 和翻耕 (CT) 作为对照。在为期 12 年的试验中，与 ST 处理相比，ST/CT 轮作降低了冬小麦（5.4%）和春玉米（1.7%）收获时的平均碳输入，但显着提高了冬小麦的平均碳输入（6.2 %) 和春玉米 (10.9%) 在收获时与 CT 处理相比。经过 12 年的实验（2019 年），与 ST 和 CT 处理相比，ST/CT 旋转分别显着增加了 0-40 cm 处的水稳性大聚集体（6.6% 和 7.7%）。此外，ST/CT 轮作的 SOC 较低（0.11 Mg·ha 经过 12 年的实验（2019 年），与 ST 和 CT 处理相比，ST/CT 旋转分别显着增加了 0-40 cm 处的水稳性大聚集体（6.6% 和 7.7%）。此外，ST/CT 轮作的 SOC 较低（0.11 Mg·ha 经过 12 年的实验（2019 年），与 ST 和 CT 处理相比，ST/CT 旋转分别显着增加了 0-40 cm 处的水稳性大聚集体（6.6% 和 7.7%）。此外，ST/CT 轮作的 SOC 较低（0.11 Mg·ha^-1 ) 和 N (0.16 Mg·ha ^-1 ) 储存在 0-10 cm 土壤深度比 ST 处理。然而，与 ST 处理相比，ST/CT 轮作在 10-20 和 20-40 cm 土壤深度具有更高的 SOC（0.51 和 2.77 Mg·ha ^-1）和 N 储存（0.11 和 0.18 Mg·ha ^-1 ） . 与 CT 处理相比，ST/CT 轮换显着提高了 0-10 cm（4.24 和 0.18 Mg·ha ^-1）、10-20 cm（0.50 和 0.14 Mg·ha ^-1）和20–40 cm（2.66 和 0.22 Mg·ha ^-1）， 分别。此外，与 ST 和 CT 处理相比，ST/CT 轮作还分别显着提高了冬小麦（5.6% 和 10.5%）和春玉米（8.4% 和 12.7%）的产量。不同耕作方式显着影响冬小麦的产量稳定性和可持续性，但在春玉米中未观察到显着差异。此外，非线性关系表明，最大 SOC 存储响应 C 输入水平范围为 3580 kg·ha ^-1至 6007 kg·ha ^-1用于冬小麦和春玉米。ST/CT 轮换可以在 C 饱和之前增加 SOC 存储以达到最大化产量。为了改善和维持冬小麦-休耕-春玉米轮作田的养分储存和作物生产，ST/CT 轮作似乎是一种更合适的耕作方式。