Benzodiazepines and medications acting on benzodiazepine receptors that do not have a benzodiazepine structure (z-drugs) have been viewed by some experts and regulatory bodies as having limited benefit and significant risks. Data presented in this article support the use of these medications as treatments of choice for acute situational anxiety, chronic anxiety disorders, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal syndromes, and catatonia. They may also be useful adjuncts in the treatment of anxious depression and mania, and for medically ill patients. Tolerance develops to sedation and possibly psychomotor impairment, but not to the anxiolytic effect of benzodiazepines. Sedation can impair cognitive function in some patients, but assertions that benzodiazepines increase the risk of dementia are not supported by recent data. Contrary to popular opinion, benzodiazepines are not frequently misused or conduits to misuse of other substances in patients without substance use disorders who are prescribed these medications for appropriate indications; most benzodiazepine misuse involves medications that are obtained from other people. Benzodiazepines are usually not lethal in overdose except when ingested with other substances, especially alcohol and opioids. Benzodiazepines comprise one of the few classes of psychotropic medication the mechanisms of action of which are clearly delineated, allowing for greater precision in their clinical use. These medications, therefore, belong in the therapeutic armamentarium of the knowledgeable clinician.
Psychother Psychosom

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苯二氮卓类药物仍然是精神病学实践中的重要治疗选择

一些专家和监管机构认为，苯二氮卓类药物和作用于不具有苯二氮卓结构的苯二氮卓受体的药物（z-药物）具有有限的益处和重大风险。本文提供的数据支持使用这些药物作为急性情境焦虑、慢性焦虑症、失眠、酒精戒断综合征和紧张症的治疗选择。它们也可能是治疗焦虑性抑郁症和躁狂症以及内科病人的有用辅助剂。对镇静和可能的精神运动障碍产生耐受性，但对苯二氮卓类药物的抗焦虑作用没有产生耐受性。镇静剂会损害一些患者的认知功能，但最近的数据不支持苯二氮卓类药物会增加痴呆风险的说法。与大众的看法相反，苯二氮卓类药物在没有物质使用障碍的患者中不经常被滥用或导致滥用其他物质，这些患者因适当的适应症而开具这些药物；大多数苯二氮卓类药物的滥用涉及从其他人那里获得的药物。苯二氮卓类药物在过量服用时通常不会致命，除非与其他物质一起摄入，尤其是酒精和阿片类药物。苯二氮卓类药物是为数不多的几类精神药物之一，其作用机制已被明确描述，从而使其临床使用更加精确。因此，这些药物属于知识渊博的临床医生的治疗设备。苯二氮卓类药物在过量服用时通常不会致命，除非与其他物质一起摄入，尤其是酒精和阿片类药物。苯二氮卓类药物是为数不多的几类精神药物之一，其作用机制已被明确描述，从而使其临床使用更加精确。因此，这些药物属于知识渊博的临床医生的治疗设备。苯二氮卓类药物在过量服用时通常不会致命，除非与其他物质一起摄入，尤其是酒精和阿片类药物。苯二氮卓类药物是为数不多的几类精神药物之一，其作用机制已被明确描述，从而使其临床使用更加精确。因此，这些药物属于知识渊博的临床医生的治疗设备。
心理治疗师