Anode-less seawater batteries with a Na-ion conducting solid-polymer electrolyte for power to metal and metal to power energy storage,Energy & Environmental Science

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Anode-less seawater batteries with a Na-ion conducting solid-polymer electrolyte for power to metal and metal to power energy storage
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-03 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00609j
Yongil Kim _{1,

2} , Matthias Künzel _{1,

2} , Dominik Steinle _{1,

2} , Xu Dong _{1,

2} , Guk-Tae Kim _{1,

2} , Alberto Varzi _{1,

2} , Stefano Passerini _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Seawater batteries (SWBs) have been mostly researched for large scale energy storage and (sub-)marine applications. In a SWB, the aqueous catholyte (seawater) and a non-aqueous anolyte (aprotic solvent solution) are physically separated by a NASICON solid electrolyte membrane. Given the practically unlimited Na⁺ ion supply from seawater, the energy storage is only limited by the amount of Na stored in the negative electrode. Therefore, the highest volumetric and gravimetric energy densities can be achieved by storing Na metal without the need for a host material. To achieve safe realization of such a cell, a compact, metal-less anode design is herein demonstrated for the first time. The anode compartment integrates the NASICON solid electrolyte, a Na-ion conductive solid-state polymer electrolyte (Na-SPE), having a high ionic conductivity (over 1 mS cm⁻¹ at moderate room temperature), and a negative electrode current collector. The reactive Na metal is not employed in the cell construction, but it is harvested from seawater upon charge (power to metal) and reconverted into energy upon the discharge process (metal to power). The overall round-trip energy efficiency (RTE) of the devices is over 85% at room temperature.

中文翻译：

具有钠离子导电固体聚合物电解质的无阳极海水电池，用于为金属供电和金属为储能

海水电池（SWB）主要用于大规模储能和（亚）海洋应用。在 SWB 中，水性阴极液（海水）和非水性阳极液（非质子溶剂溶液）由 NASICON 固体电解质膜物理分离。鉴于几乎无限的 Na ⁺来自海水的离子供应，能量储存仅受储存在负极中的钠量的限制。因此，通过储存金属钠可以实现最高的体积和重量能量密度，而无需主体材料。为了实现这种电池的安全实现，本文首次展示了一种紧凑的无金属阳极设计。阳极室集成了 NASICON 固体电解质，这是一种钠离子导电固态聚合物电解质 (Na-SPE)，具有高离子电导率（超过 1 mS cm ^-1在中等室温下）和负极集电器。反应性金属钠不用于电池结构，而是在充电时从海水中收集（电力转化为金属），并在放电过程中重新转化为能量（金属转化为电力）。在室温下，器件的整体往返能效 (RTE) 超过 85%。

更新日期：2022-05-03

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