Melanoma is a cancer of the pigment-producing cells of the body and its incidence is rising. Targeted inhibitors that act against kinases in the MAPK pathway are approved for BRAF-mutant metastatic cutaneous melanoma and increase patients' survival. Response to these therapies is limited by drug resistance and is less durable than with immune checkpoint inhibition. Conversely, rare melanoma subtypes have few therapeutic options for advanced disease and MAPK pathway targeting agents show minimal anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, there is a future for targeted kinase inhibitors in melanoma: in new applications such as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy and in novel combinations with immunotherapies or other targeted therapies. Pre-clinical studies continue to identify tumor dependencies and their corresponding actionable drug targets, paving the way for rational targeted kinase inhibitor combinations as a personalized medicine approach for melanoma.

黑色素瘤是一种体内产生色素的细胞的癌症，其发病率正在上升。作用于 MAPK 通路中激酶的靶向抑制剂被批准用于治疗BRAF突变的转移性皮肤黑色素瘤，并提高患者的生存率。对这些疗法的反应受到耐药性的限制，并且不如免疫检查点抑制持久。相反，罕见的黑色素瘤亚型对于晚期疾病的治疗选择很少，并且 MAPK 通路靶向药物显示出最小的抗肿瘤作用。尽管如此，靶向激酶抑制剂在黑色素瘤中仍有未来：在辅助或新辅助治疗等新应用以及与免疫疗法或其他靶向疗法的新组合中。临床前研究继续确定肿瘤依赖性及其相应的可操作药物靶点，为合理的靶向激酶抑制剂组合作为黑色素瘤的个性化医疗方法铺平了道路。