A simple and environmentally friendly route for the transformation of cellulose to porous carbon monoliths was developed. The procedure is based on freezing the cellulose solution in aqueous NaOH (−10 °C), followed by a direct regeneration of the frozen material in an ethanol bath and washing the alkaline with water. After atmospheric drying, the obtained cellulose monoliths composed mainly of cellulose II polymorph showed considerable macroporosity related to an ice-templating effect. During carbonization (500–900 °C, carbon yield >20%) the macroporosity (≈1–100 µm) was preserved together with monolithic character. The resulting monolithic carbons also showed significant microporosity, with micropore volume up to 0.25 cm³/g, depending on carbonization temperature.

开发了一种将纤维素转化为多孔碳单块的简单且环保的途径。该程序基于在 NaOH 水溶液 (-10 °C) 中冷冻纤维素溶液，然后在乙醇浴中直接再生冷冻材料并用水洗涤碱。常压干燥后，获得的主要由纤维素 II 多晶型物组成的纤维素单块显示出与冰模板效应相关的相当大的大孔隙率。在碳化过程中（500–900 °C，碳产率 >20%），大孔隙率（≈1–100 µm）与整体特征一起保留。所得整体碳也显示出显着的微孔性，微孔体积高达 0.25 cm ³ /g，具体取决于碳化温度。