Olive groves in the Mediterranean basin have undergone a tremendous increase during the last two decades, with most of the new olive groves being planted on arable land. This conversion may affect habitat suitability for steppe birds, which are associated with arable land and other open-land habitats, such as natural pastures. In this work, we evaluate the presence of new olive groves in the distribution of the Great Bustard Otis tarda and the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax in Southern Spain (the largest olive oil production zone in the world), and we compare the percentage of different land uses in 2000 and 2018 using data provided by the Corine Land Cover. From 2000 to 2018, new olive groves occupied 2.14 and 2.61% of the distribution areas of the Great Bustard and the Little Bustard, respectively. The decrease in arable land and the increase in permanent crops were the main drivers of the landscape composition changes during the study period. The fragmentation index of arable land was higher in 2018 than 2000. These changes in the landscape suggest a decrease in habitat availability and suitability for steppe birds that could affect the distribution and abundance of their populations. Moreover, there were no differences in the proportion of new olive groves planted inside and outside the limits of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) from 2000 to 2018, which were created to protect these steppe birds, thus suggesting that the management policy of the IBAs should be reviewed to prevent harmful land-use changes.

在过去的二十年里，地中海盆地的橄榄园经历了巨大的增长，大部分新的橄榄园都种植在耕地上。这种转变可能会影响草原鸟类的栖息地适宜性，草原鸟类与耕地和其他开阔地栖息地（如天然牧场）有关。在这项工作中，我们评估了大鸨Otis tarda和 Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax分布中新橄榄园的存在在西班牙南部（世界上最大的橄榄油生产区），我们使用 Corine Land Cover 提供的数据比较了 2000 年和 2018 年不同土地利用的百分比。从 2000 年到 2018 年，新的橄榄林分别占据了大鸨和小鸨分布区域的 2.14% 和 2.61%。耕地减少和永久性作物增加是研究期间景观组成变化的主要驱动力。2018 年可耕地的破碎指数高于 2000 年。这些景观变化表明草原鸟类的栖息地可用性和适宜性下降，这可能影响其种群的分布和丰度。而且，