Abstract

The changes in soil quality in terms of carbon accumulation, aggregate stability and enzyme activity were evaluated in Jute based cropping systems (jute-rice-wheat, jute-rice-lentil and jute-rice-mustard) subjected to various tillage systems, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT) and no tillage with additional crop residue retention (NTR) under tropical climate of Indo-Gangetic plains. The crops were grown with conventional (disc plowing, followed by 2 cultivators) and no tillage (no ploughing) and additional crop residues were applied as Sesbania spp. with a rate of 2 t ha⁻¹. Addition of crop residue under no tillage improved bulk soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate SOC content (PSOC) and aggregate stability, promoting a better soil physico-chemical behavior in all crop-rotations. The SOC contents under No tillage with residue incorporated plots (NTR) are much higher, maximum being in jute-rice-lentil (6.02 and 7.29 g kg⁻¹, respectively in 0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m soil depth). The highest SOC density (330.03 g C m⁻²) and stock (3.30 Mg C ha⁻¹) were recorded in the NT R. Soil microbial biomass (SMBC) was significantly higher in NT R (range: 641.84 to 745.97 µg g⁻¹) followed by NT (631.42 to 678.46 µg g⁻¹) and CT (490.68 to 634.83 µg g⁻¹). Jute equivalent yield (JEY) was highest in jute-rice-lentil (J-R-L) under NTR (7.33 t ha⁻¹). Thus, no tillage with residue incorporation under Jute-rice-lentil system is highly beneficial in maintaining crop productivity and improving soil quality.

摘要

在以黄麻为基础的种植系统（黄麻-水稻-小麦、黄麻-水稻-扁豆和黄麻-水稻-芥末）中评估了土壤质量在碳积累、团聚体稳定性和酶活性方面的变化，这些系统采用了各种耕作系统，即常规耕作系统。印度恒河平原热带气候下的耕作 (CT)、免耕 (NT) 和免耕加农作物残茬保留 (NTR)。作物采用常规（圆盘耕作，随后是 2 个中耕机）和免耕（不耕作）种植，并以田菁属的形式施用额外的作物残茬。2 t ha ^-1. 在免耕条件下添加作物残茬提高了土壤有机碳 (SOC)、颗粒 SOC 含量 (PSOC) 和团聚体稳定性，促进了所有作物轮作中更好的土壤理化行为。免耕带残茬地块 (NTR) 下的 SOC 含量要高得多，最大的是黄麻-水稻-扁豆（0-0.15 和 0.15-0.30 m 土壤深度分别为 6.02 和 7.29 g kg ^{-1 ）。}NT R 记录了最高的 SOC 密度 (330.03 g C m ^-2 ) 和储量 (3.30 Mg C ha ^-1 )。NT R 的土壤微生物生物量 (SMBC) 显着更高（范围：641.84 至 745.97 µg g ^{- 1} ) 随后是 NT (631.42 至 678.46 µg g ^-1 ) 和 CT (490.68 至 634.83 µg g^-1 )。^{在 NTR (7.33 t ha -1} )下，黄麻-水稻-扁豆 (JRL) 的黄麻当量产量 (JEY) 最高。因此，在黄麻-稻-扁豆体系下进行残留掺入免耕对保持作物生产力和改善土壤质量非常有益。