The efficacy of trehalose on the lesion diameter of apples (cv. Golden Delicious) inoculated with Penicillium expansum was evaluated to screen the optimal concentration. The changes in gene expression and activity of the enzyme in starch, sorbitol, and energy metabolism were also investigated in apples after trehalose treatment. The results revealed that trehalose dipping reduced the lesion diameter of apples inoculated with P. expansum. Trehalose suppressed the activities and gene expressions of β-amylase, NAD-sorbitol dehydrogenase, and NADP-sorbitol dehydrogenase, whereas it decreased the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression and amylose, amylopectin, total starch, and reducing sugar contents. Additionally, trehalose improved the gene expressions and activities of α-amylase, starch-branching enzymes, total amylase, H⁺-ATPase, and Ca²⁺-ATPase, as well as soluble sugar, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine diphosphate contents and energy charge in apples. These findings imply that trehalose could induce tolerance to the blue mold of apple fruit by regulating starch, sorbitol, and energy metabolism.

中文翻译：

---

海藻糖调节淀粉、山梨糖醇和能量代谢，增强对“金冠”苹果果实蓝霉病的耐受性

评价海藻糖对苹果(cv. Golden Delicious)接种扩张青霉病斑直径的影响，筛选最佳浓度。还研究了海藻糖处理后苹果中淀粉、山梨糖醇和能量代谢中酶的基因表达和活性的变化。结果表明，海藻糖浸渍法减小了接种P. expansum的苹果的病斑直径。. 海藻糖抑制β-淀粉酶、NAD-山梨糖醇脱氢酶和NADP-山梨糖醇脱氢酶的活性和基因表达，而降低山梨糖醇6-磷酸脱氢酶基因表达和直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉和还原糖含量。此外，海藻糖提高了α-淀粉酶、淀粉分支酶、总淀粉酶、H ⁺ -ATP酶和Ca ²⁺ -ATP酶的基因表达和活性，以及​​可溶性糖、三磷酸腺苷和二磷酸腺苷的含量和能量电荷。在苹果。这些发现表明海藻糖可以通过调节淀粉、山梨糖醇和能量代谢来诱导对苹果果实蓝霉的耐受性。