5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.

5-氨基戊酸甜菜碱 (5-AVAB) 是一种与肠道微生物群相关的三甲基化化合物，可能是内源性产生的，并且与某些食物（如全谷物）的膳食摄入有关。5-AVAB 在代谢活跃的组织内积聚，通常在心脏、肌肉和棕色脂肪组织中浓度较高。此外，5-AVAB 与积极的健康影响有关，例如胎儿大脑发育、胰岛素分泌和降低癌症风险。然而，它也与一些负面的健康结果有关，例如心血管疾病和脂肪肝疾病。在细胞水平上，5-AVAB 可以通过减少脂肪酸的 β-氧化来影响细胞能量代谢。本综述将重点关注 5-AVAB 在生理学和病理学方面的代谢作用。