Ketone ingestion can alter metabolism but effects on exercise performance are unclear, particularly with regard to the impact on intermittent-intensity exercise and team-sport performance. Nine professional male rugby union players each completed two trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested either 90 ± 9 g carbohydrate (CHO; 9% solution) or an energy matched solution containing 20 ± 2 g CHO (3% solution) and 590 mg/kg body mass β-hydroxybutyrate monoester (CHO + BHB-ME) before and during a simulated rugby union-specific match-play protocol, including repeated high-intensity, sprint and power-based performance tests. Mean time to complete the sustained high-intensity performance tests was reduced by 0.33 ± 0.41 s (2.1%) with CHO + BHB-ME (15.53 ± 0.52 s) compared with CHO (15.86 ± 0.80 s) placebo (p = .04). Mean time to complete the sprint and power-based performance tests were not different between trials. CHO + BHB-ME resulted in blood BHB concentrations that remained >2 mmol/L during exercise (p < .001). Serum lactate and glycerol concentrations were lower after CHO + BHB-ME than CHO (p < .05). Coingestion of a BHB-ME with CHO can alter fuel metabolism (attenuate circulating lactate and glycerol concentrations) and may improve high-intensity running performance during a simulated rugby match-play protocol, without improving shorter duration sprint and power-based efforts.

酮的摄入可以改变新陈代谢，但对运动表现的影响尚不清楚，特别是对间歇强度运动和团队运动表现的影响。九名职业男子橄榄球联盟球员每人在双盲、随机、交叉设计中完成了两项试验。参与者摄入 90 ± 9 g 碳水化合物（CHO；9% 溶液）或含有 20 ± 2 g CHO（3% 溶液）和 590 mg/kg 体重的 β-羟基丁酸单酯（CHO + BHB-ME）的能量匹配溶液在模拟橄榄球联盟特定的比赛协议期间，包括重复的高强度、短跑和基于功率的性能测试。与 CHO (15.86 ± 0.80 s) 安慰剂相比，CHO + BHB-ME (15.53 ± 0.52 s) 完成持续高强度性能测试的平均时间减少了 0.33 ± 0.41 s (2.1%) (p  = .04)。完成冲刺和基于功率的性能测试的平均时间在试验之间没有差异。CHO + BHB-ME 导致运动期间血 BHB 浓度保持在 >2 mmol/L ( p  < .001)。CHO + BHB-ME 后的血清乳酸和甘油浓度低于 CHO ( p  < .05)。BHB-ME 与 CHO 的共同摄入可以改变燃料代谢（降低循环乳酸和甘油浓度），并且可以在模拟橄榄球比赛协议期间改善高强度跑步表现，而不会改善更短时间的冲刺和基于功率的努力。