Pre-COVID-19, most of the supply chains functioned with more capacity than demand. However, COVID-19 changed traditional supply chains’ dynamics, resulting in more demand than their production capacity. This article presents a multiobjective and multiperiod supply chain network design along with customer prioritization, keeping in view price discounts and outsourcing strategies to deal with the situation when demand exceeds the production capacity. Initially, a multiperiod, multiobjective supply chain network is designed that incorporates prices discounts, customer prioritization, and outsourcing strategies. The main objectives are profit and prioritization maximization and time minimization. The introduction of the prioritization objective function having customer ranking as a parameter and considering less capacity than demand and outsourcing differentiates this model from the literature. A four-valued neutrosophic multiobjective optimization method is introduced to solve the model developed. To validate the model, a case study of the supply chain of a surgical mask is presented as the real-life application of research. The research findings are useful for the managers to make price discounts and preferred customer prioritization decisions under uncertainty and imbalance between supply and demand. In future, the logic in the proposed model can be used to create web application for optimal decision-making in supply chains.

中文翻译：

---

客户优先级集成供应链优化模型与外包策略


在 COVID-19 之前，大多数供应链的运行能力都大于需求。然而，COVID-19 改变了传统供应链的动态，导致需求超过生产能力。本文提出了一种多目标、多周期的供应链网络设计，以及客户优先级、关注价格折扣和外包策略，以应对需求超过生产能力的情况。最初，设计了一个多周期、多目标的供应链网络，其中包含价格折扣、客户优先级和外包策略。主要目标是利润和优先级最大化以及时间最小化。引入以客户排名为参数并考虑容量小于需求和外包的优先级目标函数，使该模型与文献不同。引入四值中智多目标优化方法来求解所开发的模型。为了验证该模型，提出了外科口罩供应链的案例研究作为研究的现实应用。研究结果有助于管理者在不确定性和供需不平衡的情况下做出价格折扣和优先客户优先决策。将来，所提出模型中的逻辑可用于创建 Web 应用程序，以实现供应链中的最佳决策。