BACKGROUND Prescription drug (PD) misuse among adolescents constitutes a growing health concern worldwide. This study aimed to provide up-to-date prevalence and correlates of PD misuse (i.e., tranquilizers, opioids and stimulants) among a national representative sample of high-school adolescents in Spain. METHOD We used nationwide data from 36,788 adolescents (51.93% females) aged between 14 and 18 who completed the 2018-2019 Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (ESTUDES). Lifetime misuse of the following PD was assessed: tranquilizers without prescription, opioids to get high, and prescription stimulants to improve academic performance. Other substance use, sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance related variables, and the quality of parental relationship were assessed. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of PD misuse was 8.50% for tranquilizers, 2.34% for stimulants, and 2.20% for opioids. Past-month tobacco use and lifetime illegal substance use were the only correlates associated with all PD categories (ORs between 1.419 and 6.788). The remaining sociodemographic, academic and family correlates were PD category-specific. CONCLUSIONS This information may help in the development of empirically-based preventive interventions.

中文翻译：

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西班牙青少年处方药滥用的患病率和相关性。

背景技术青少年滥用处方药 (PD) 已成为全球日益严重的健康问题。本研究旨在提供西班牙全国高中青少年代表性样本中 PD 滥用（即镇静剂、阿片类药物和兴奋剂）的最新流行率和相关性。方法 我们使用了 36,788 名 14 至 18 岁的青少年（51.93% 女性）的全国数据，这些青少年完成了 2018-2019 年西班牙中等教育药物使用调查 (ESTUDES)。对以下 PD 的终生滥用进行了评估：无处方镇静剂、阿片类药物使人兴奋，以及处方兴奋剂以提高学习成绩。评估了其他物质使用、社会人口学特征、学业成绩相关变量和父母关系的质量。结果 PD 滥用的终生患病率为 8。镇静剂为 50%，兴奋剂为 2.34%，阿片类药物为 2.20%。过去一个月的烟草使用和终生非法物质使用是与所有 PD 类别相关的唯一相关因素（OR 在 1.419 和 6.788 之间）。其余的社会人口学、学术和家庭相关因素是特定于 PD 类别的。结论 这些信息可能有助于开发基于经验的预防性干预措施。