Vaccines represent one of the most promising strategies for mitigating economic losses imposed by infectious diseases to global aquaculture. While the majority of commercial vaccines employ injection as the main route of delivery, a substantial body of research explores other avenues for the stimulation of protective immunity. Oral vaccines, representing the most favourable and convenient solution for the aquaculture industry, have been at the forefront of scientific interest for the last couple of decades. The orchestrated effort resulted in identifying the main roadblocks on the path to an ideal edible vaccine and provided several ingenious solutions improving the activation of immunity, ensuring the stability of administered antigens and their uptake upon the passage through the stomach. In the presented review, we describe advances in the available knowledge of the processes prerequisite for developing protective mucosal vaccines and focus readers' attention on the untapped potential of plant-based production systems in this effort. We propose that these approaches not only meet production demands but also fulfil all requirements of an oral vaccine, addressing all the obstacles, previously solved via separate strategies, in one platform. Thus, combined with the available knowledge of molecular adjuvants and produced for a fraction of the cost, plant-based production, so-called molecular farming, is an ideal candidate for vaccine development, paving the road to sustainable aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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分子农业：扩大可持续鱼类水产养殖的食用疫苗领域

疫苗是减轻传染病对全球水产养殖造成经济损失的最有希望的战略之一。虽然大多数商业疫苗采用注射作为主要递送途径，但大量研究探索了刺激保护性免疫的其他途径。口服疫苗是水产养殖业最有利和最方便的解决方案，在过去的几十年里一直处于科学兴趣的前沿。精心策划的努力导致确定了理想可食用疫苗道路上的主要障碍，并提供了几种改善免疫激活的巧妙解决方案，确保所施用抗原的稳定性及其在通过胃时的吸收。在提出的审查中，我们描述了开发保护性粘膜疫苗的先决条件的现有知识的进展，并将读者的注意力集中在这项工作中基于植物的生产系统的未开发潜力上。我们建议这些方法不仅可以满足生产需求，还可以满足口服疫苗的所有要求，解决以前通过单独策略在一个平台上解决的所有障碍。因此，结合现有的分子佐剂知识并以一小部分成本生产，以植物为基础的生产，即所谓的分子农业，是疫苗开发的理想候选者，为可持续水产养殖铺平道路。在这项工作中关注基于植物的生产系统的未开发潜力。我们建议这些方法不仅可以满足生产需求，还可以满足口服疫苗的所有要求，解决以前通过单独策略在一个平台上解决的所有障碍。因此，结合现有的分子佐剂知识并以一小部分成本生产，以植物为基础的生产，即所谓的分子农业，是疫苗开发的理想候选者，为可持续水产养殖铺平道路。在这项工作中关注基于植物的生产系统的未开发潜力。我们建议这些方法不仅可以满足生产需求，还可以满足口服疫苗的所有要求，解决以前通过单独策略在一个平台上解决的所有障碍。因此，结合现有的分子佐剂知识并以一小部分成本生产，以植物为基础的生产，即所谓的分子农业，是疫苗开发的理想候选者，为可持续水产养殖铺平道路。