Both intraspecific and interspecific crosses are a well-known breeding strategies to generate variations or assemble desirable traits in economically important plants. Interspecific crosses have been mined to improve resistance to (a)biotic stresses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a limited number of research studies but have never been crosschecked for yield and yield criteria in intraspecific versus interspecific crosses. Comparison of superior progeny or superior recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and better progeny than their best parent for yield, yield criteria, and resistance to (a)biotic stresses in intraspecific versus interspecific crosses was the objectives of this study. Also, associations between superior progeny and genetic distance based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were assessed among annual Cicer species including cultivated chickpea, C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis. Each two genotypes of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were crossed with three genotypes of cultivated chickpea. Not only superior progeny for yield and yield criteria, but also superior RILs that were cold tolerant were detected higher in interspecific crosses than in intraspecific crosses. On the other hand, plant height, first pod height, and seed size were higher in intraspecific crosses than in interspecific crosses, indicating that seed size and traits suitable for combine harvest can be increased via intraspecific crosses. A significant association was found between superior progeny and genetic distance among Cicer species. It was concluded that interspecific crosses in Cicer species may increase yield and resistance to (a)biotic stresses, whereas intraspecific crosses may increase plant height and seed size.

中文翻译：

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Cicer 物种的种内与种间杂交以获得优质后代

种内和种间杂交都是众所周知的育种策略，用于在具有重要经济意义的植物中产生变异或组装所需性状。已经挖掘了种间杂交以提高鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum ）对（a）生物胁迫的抵抗力L.) 在数量有限的研究中，但从未对种内与种间杂交的产量和产量标准进行交叉检查。本研究的目的是在种内与种间杂交中比较优良后代或优良重组自交系 (RIL) 和比其最佳亲本更好的后代的产量、产量标准和对 (a) 生物胁迫的抗性。此外，基于简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记的优良后代与遗传距离之间的关联在一年生Cicer物种（包括栽培鹰嘴豆、C. reticulatum Ladiz）中进行了评估。和C. echinospermum PH Davis。C. reticulatum和C. echinospermum各两个基因型与三种基因型的栽培鹰嘴豆杂交。不仅在产量和产量标准方面具有优良后代，而且在种间杂交中检测到的耐寒性优良 RIL 也高于种内杂交。另一方面，种内杂交的株高、第一个荚果高度和种子大小高于种间杂交，表明种子大小和适合联合收获的性状可以通过种内杂交增加。在Cicer物种的优良后代和遗传距离之间发现了显着的关联。得出的结论是，Cicer物种的种间杂交可能会增加产量和对 (a) 生物胁迫的抗性，而种内杂交可能会增加株高和种子大小。