Irrigation and fertilization are vital to increasing crop yield, but their application often exceeds crop requirements. Excessive fertilization under inefficient irrigation depletes the already scarce water resources while contributing to water pollution. To overcome these problems, the introduction of fertigation in combination with modern irrigation technologies has been promoted in the North China Plain (NCP), but farmers have been reluctant to adopt such technologies. To better understand the current situation and farmers' perceptions, we performed a case study in the People's Victory Canal Irrigation District (PVCID) of NCP. A field survey was carried out using a participatory approach, and field monitoring was conducted on a representative farm. We found that farmers are generally satisfied with their irrigation and fertilization practices, although they result in low application efficiency and distribution uniformity. In principle, the lack of knowledge about how to implement fertigation technology, the small-scale farming conditions, and the high cost of developing advanced fertigation systems are the main obstacles for fertigation adoption. We further conclude that (i) to improve the on-farm performance in terms of efficiency and uniformity of irrigation and fertilization, evidence-based guidelines are required to help farmers to implement; (ii) for effective adoption of new technologies, consideration of farmers' situation and perspectives is critical; and (iii) surface fertigation might be a good start for fertigation promotion.

中文翻译：

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华北平原农民水肥实践及观念评价

灌溉和施肥对于提高作物产量至关重要，但它们的应用往往超过作物需求。在低效灌溉下过度施肥会耗尽本已稀缺的水资源，同时加剧水污染。为了克服这些问题，在华北平原（NCP）推广了与现代灌溉技术相结合的灌溉施肥技术，但农民一直不愿采用这些技术。为了更好地了解当前情况和农民的看法，我们在 NCP 的人民胜利运河灌区 (PVCID) 进行了案例研究。使用参与式方法进行了实地调查，并在代表性农场进行了实地监测。我们发现农民普遍对他们的灌溉和施肥做法感到满意，尽管它们导致应用效率和分配均匀性低。原则上，缺乏关于如何实施灌溉施肥技术的知识、小规模耕作条件以及开发先进灌溉施肥系统的高成本是采用灌溉施肥的主要障碍。我们进一步得出结论，(i) 为了提高灌溉和施肥效率和均匀性方面的农场绩效，需要基于证据的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。尽管它们导致应用效率和分布均匀性低。原则上，缺乏关于如何实施灌溉施肥技术的知识、小规模耕作条件以及开发先进灌溉施肥系统的高成本是采用灌溉施肥的主要障碍。我们进一步得出结论，(i) 为了提高灌溉和施肥效率和均匀性方面的农场绩效，需要基于证据的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。尽管它们导致应用效率和分布均匀性低。原则上，缺乏关于如何实施灌溉施肥技术的知识、小规模耕作条件以及开发先进灌溉施肥系统的高成本是采用灌溉施肥的主要障碍。我们进一步得出结论，(i) 为了提高灌溉和施肥效率和均匀性方面的农场绩效，需要基于证据的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。小规模耕作条件以及开发先进灌溉施肥系统的高成本是采用灌溉施肥的主要障碍。我们进一步得出结论，(i) 为了提高灌溉和施肥效率和均匀性方面的农场绩效，需要基于证据的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。小规模耕作条件以及开发先进灌溉施肥系统的高成本是采用灌溉施肥的主要障碍。我们进一步得出结论，(i) 为了提高灌溉和施肥效率和均匀性方面的农场绩效，需要基于证据的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。需要以证据为基础的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。需要以证据为基础的指导方针来帮助农民实施；(ii) 为有效采用新技术，考虑农民的情况和观点至关重要；(iii) 地表施肥可能是促进施肥的良好开端。