As an important source of edible vegetable oil, cottonseed oil and its fatty acid composition that determines its nutritional value have attracted growing attention in recent years. For the identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underpinning cottonseed oil content and fatty acid components, 83 representative upland cotton accessions grown in multiple environments were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) base on a CottonSNP63K array. Two, 8, 35, 26, 1, 3, 7 and 50 QTLs were identified for myristicoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total fatty acids and oil content, respectively. Four stable QTLs related to oleic acid accumulation, including qOA-D11-1, qOA-A05-2, qOA-D01-1, and qOA-D07-4, were identified. The candidate genes for these QTLs were further suggested as Gh_D11G0990, Gh_A05G2242, Gh_D01G2016 and Gh_D07G1914, respectively, based on haplotype block analysis and strong and direct linkage disequilibrium between significant SNPs and the genes. The ectopic expression of Gh_D01G2016 in yeast resulted in reductions in oil content and oleic acid content by 18.1% and 9.91%, respectively. The identification of Gh_D01G2016 as a candidate gene in regulating oil synthesis not only facilitates the understanding of the intricate mechanism underpinning the cottonseed oil biosynthesis, but also provide a potentially useful tool for molecular breeding and genetic modification of cottonseed oil.

作为食用植物油的重要来源，棉籽油及其决定其营养价值的脂肪酸组成近年来越来越受到关注。为了鉴定支持棉籽油含量和脂肪酸成分的数量性状基因座(QTL)，在基于 CottonSNP63K 阵列的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 中使用了在多种环境中生长的 83 个具有代表性的陆地棉种质。鉴定了肉豆蔻油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸的 2、8、35、26、1、3、7和 50 个 QTL，亚麻酸，总脂肪酸和油含量，分别。鉴定了 4 个与油酸积累相关的稳定 QTL，包括 qOA-D11-1、qOA-A05-2、qOA-D01-1 和 qOA-D07-4。基于单倍型块分析和显着 SNP 与基因之间的强和直接连锁不平衡，进一步建议这些 QTL 的候选基因分别为Gh_D11G0990、Gh_A05G2242、Gh_D01G2016和Gh_D07G1914Gh_D01G2016在酵母中的异位表达导致油脂含量和油酸含量分别降低了 18.1% 和 9.91%。Gh_D01G2016的标识作为调节油脂合成的候选基因，不仅有助于理解支撑棉籽油生物合成的复杂机制，而且为棉籽油的分子育种和基因改造提供了潜在的有用工具。