Abstract

The term “adaptive zone” appeared in paleontology and evolutionary biology, where it was not clearly defined, and gradually became obsolete and is now rarely used. This paper provides an updated definition of the term applicable in modern ecology and biogeography. It is shown that an adaptive zone is a particular case of Petersen-type communities. Sixteen implications were formulated that were theoretically derived from the facts known about range, Hutchinson’s niche, Petersen-type community, and their relationships with adaptive zone amended definition. The review includes the creation of simple and logical methods for finding, naming, and classifying adaptive zones. This regulates the conceptual apparatus of biology and opens up new lines of research in several of its branches. The applied aspects of the new adaptive zone concept are many current issues that include fisheries, aqua- and agriculture, forestry and hunting, natural nidality, combating alien species, weeds, pests and parasites, environmental protection, and artificial ecosystem creation. A Case Study is included that contains examples of maps of the adaptive zones of fauna from the far eastern seas and the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, which is one of the most important fishing regions in the world.

摘要

“适应区”一词出现在古生物学和进化生物学中，没有明确定义，逐渐被淘汰，现在很少使用。本文提供了适用于现代生态学和生物地理学的术语的更新定义。结果表明，适应区是彼得森型社区的特例。制定了 16 个含义，这些含义在理论上源自关于范围、Hutchinson 的生态位、彼得森型群落及其与适应区修正定义的关系的已知事实。审查包括创建用于查找、命名和分类自适应区域的简单且合乎逻辑的方法。这调节了生物学的概念装置，并在其几个分支中开辟了新的研究方向。新适应区概念的应用方面是许多当前的问题，包括渔业、水产和农业、林业和狩猎、自然捕食、对抗外来物种、杂草、害虫和寄生虫、环境保护和人工生态系统创建。包含一个案例研究，其中包含来自远东海域和太平洋北部的动物适应区地图示例，太平洋北部是世界上最重要的捕鱼区之一。