The exhaustion of worldwide oil reserves has created an incipient need to find hopeful alternative fuels for the future. Substantial research has been done in this direction, and all studies by researchers have provided results that proved the growing potential of biofuel as a popular alternative in the CI engine. The current investigation explores the biofuel potential derived from the wasteland tree Prosopis juliflora (Karuvalam tree seeds). Experimentation was done using a monocylinder 4-stroke water-cooled six holes CRDi CI engine with electrical loading. The experiment was conducted at three proportions (10%, 20%, and 30% volume basis) of Prosopis juliflora Oil Methyl Ester (PJOME) with diesel using 3 parametric CRs (16, 17.5, and 19) along with three different fuel injection pressure (FIP) (400, 500, and 600 bar). The impact of CR and FIP on fuel utilization BTE, cylinder pressure, net heat release, and exhaust particulates was scrutinized and characterized. The test results demonstrated that increasing the compression ratio from 16 to 19 enhanced the in-cylinder pressure, net heat release (NHR), and BTE for all the (PJOME/Diesel) combinations. With an augmentation in the compression ratio from 16 to 19, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon discharge diminished, but the nitrogen oxide discharges augmented. FIP also had an impact of increasing the pressures on the in-cylinder, NHR, brake thermal efficiency, and nitrogen oxide and reducing the emissions of smoke, CO, and UBHC. The current research shows that the use of B20 and CR16 and FIP 600 bar as a combination improved BTE by 33.21%, BSFC by 0.25 kg/kw-hr, cylinder pressure at the maximum to reach 69.28 bar, net heat release of 79.14 J/deg, and exhaust emissions such as UHC at 55 ppm, CO at 0.25%, smoke at 34.33%, and NOx at 2401 ppm. Finally, the BTE and NOx were slightly higher, and the UHC, CO, and smoke values were diminutive compared to other blends.

中文翻译：

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压缩比和燃油喷射压力对配备 CRDi 系统的 CI 发动机的综合影响（使用牧豆树甲酯/柴油混合物）

全球石油储量的枯竭催生了为未来寻找有希望的替代燃料的初期需求。已经朝这个方向进行了大量研究，研究人员的所有研究都提供了结果，证明了生物燃料作为 CI 发动机中流行替代品的增长潜力。目前的调查探讨了从荒地树Prosopis juliflora（Karuvalam 树种子）中提取的生物燃料潜力。使用带电负载的单缸 4 冲程水冷六孔 CRDi CI 发动机进行了实验。该实验以三种比例（10%、20% 和 30% 体积基础）的Prosopis juliflora进行使用 3 个参数 CR（16、17.5 和 19）以及三种不同的燃油喷射压力 (FIP)（400、500 和 600 bar）的柴油油甲酯 (PJOME)。对 CR 和 FIP 对燃料利用 BTE、气缸压力、净热释放和排气颗粒的影响进行了审查和表征。测试结果表明，将压缩比从 16 增加到 19 可提高所有（PJOME/柴油）组合的缸内压力、净热释放 (NHR) 和 BTE。随着压缩比从 16 增加到 19，一氧化碳和未燃烧的碳氢化合物排放量减少，但氮氧化物排放量增加。FIP 还可以提高缸内压力、NHR、制动热效率和氮氧化物，并减少烟雾、CO 和 UBHC 的排放。目前的研究表明，使用 B20 和 CR16 以及 FIP 600 bar 作为组合使用，BTE 提高了 33.21%，BSFC 提高了 0.25 kg/kw-hr，气缸压力最高达到 69.28 bar，净放热量为 79.14 J/度和废气排放，例如 55 ppm 的 UHC、0.25% 的 CO、34.33% 的烟雾和 2401 ppm 的 NOx。最后，与其他混合物相比，BTE 和 NOx 略高，UHC、CO 和烟雾值较小。