Esports are a contemporary phenomenon, with millions of people involved. Still, scientific literature on the topic is scarce. Anecdotal reports, mostly based on what is known from videogames practice, have associated esports with unhealthy lifestyles and health-related problems. The present scoping review aimed to provide an overview of findings from studies regarding the health and well-being in adult esports players, while identifying the most studied topics in the field and those still lacking scientific research.

The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, B-on, and ESCBO databases. Studies regarding health consequences of esports practice conducted with adult esports players were included. No exclusion criteria concerning age, sex, esports modality, or esports level were applied, but articles related to other forms of video gaming or gambling were excluded. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles. Opinion and review articles were excluded.

There were 1416 articles retrieved from which 33 met the inclusion criteria. Lifestyle habits, sleep, exercise and physical health (including musculoskeletal health), physiological demands, and mental health were the main topics of investigation. Several gaps in the literature were identified, namely studies on cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic health, or consuming-related risks. Also, the lack of homogeneous methodologies and definitions used in esports-related studies was identified.

Esports practice has been associated with different health-related symptoms, but more studies using more robust methodologies and appropriate research design are needed. Topics such as cardiovascular health or the use of performance-enhancing drugs are lacking.

电子竞技是一种当代现象，有数百万人参与其中。尽管如此，关于该主题的科学文献仍然很少。轶事报道，主要基于从电子游戏实践中得知的信息，将电子竞技与不健康的生活方式和健康相关问题联系起来。本次范围审查旨在概述有关成人电子竞技运动员健康和福祉的研究结果，同时确定该领域研究最多的主题以及仍然缺乏科学研究的主题。

检索在 MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science、B-on 和 ESCBO 数据库中进行。包括与成年电子竞技运动员进行的有关电子竞技练习的健康后果的研究。没有应用关于年龄、性别、电子竞技模式或电子竞技水平的排除标准，但排除了与其他形式的视频游戏或赌博相关的文章。搜索仅限于同行评议的文章。意见和评论文章被排除在外。

共检索到 1416 篇文章，其中 33 篇符合纳入标准。生活习惯、睡眠、运动和身体健康（包括肌肉骨骼健康）、生理需求和心理健康是调查的主要主题。确定了文献中的几个空白，即关于心血管、呼吸或代谢健康或与消费相关的风险的研究。此外，还发现电子竞技相关研究中使用的方法和定义缺乏同质性。

电子竞技实践与不同的健康相关症状相关，但需要使用更强大的方法和适当的研究设计进行更多研究。缺乏诸如心血管健康或使用提高性能的药物等主题。