Resistant bacteria may leave the hospital environment through wastewater. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and its ability to easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, poses a significant threat to public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of cultivated P. aeruginosa in untreated hospital effluents in the Czech Republic. Fifty-nine P. aeruginosa strains isolated from six hospital wastewaters were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility through the disc diffusion method against seven antimicrobial agents. Resistance was found in all antibiotics tested. The highest resistance values were observed for ciprofloxacin (30.5%), gentamicin (28.8%), and meropenem (27.2%). The P. aeruginosa isolates also exhibited resistance to ceftazidime (11.5%), amikacin (11.5%), piperacillin-tazobactam (11.5%), and aztreonam (8.5%). Seventeen strains of P. aeruginosa (28.8%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). The results of this study revealed that antibiotic-resistant strains are commonly present in hospital wastewater and are resistant to clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs. In the absence of an appropriate treatment process for hospital wastewater, resistant bacteria are released directly into public sewer networks, where they can serve as potential vectors for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

耐药细菌可能会通过废水离开医院环境。机会性病原体铜绿假单胞菌由于其对许多抗生素的内在抗性及其容易获得抗生素抗性决定因素的能力，对公众健康构成重大威胁。本研究的目的是评估捷克共和国未经处理的医院污水中培养的铜绿假单胞菌的抗生素耐药性。五十九铜绿假单胞菌从六种医院废水中分离出的菌株通过圆盘扩散法对七种抗菌剂进行了抗菌敏感性测试。在所有测试的抗生素中都发现了耐药性。环丙沙星 (30.5%)、庆大霉素 (28.8%) 和美罗培南 (27.2%) 的耐药值最高。铜绿假单胞菌分离株还表现出对头孢他啶 (11.5%)、阿米卡星 (11.5%)、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦 (11.5%) 和氨曲南 (8.5%) 的耐药性。十七株铜绿假单胞菌（28.8%）被归类为耐多药（MDR）。这项研究的结果表明，抗生素耐药菌株通常存在于医院废水中，并且对临床相关的抗假单胞菌药物具有耐药性。在没有适当的医院废水处理工艺的情况下，耐药细菌会直接释放到公共下水道网络中，在那里它们可以成为抗生素耐药性传播的潜在载体。