ABSTRACT

Conservation agriculture with use of crop rotations and residue management provides many benefits to the soil and environment, which vary depending on climatic and soil conditions, crops between of the rotation, and the amount of incorporated residue. The present study evaluated the effect of two medium-term of canola (Brassica napus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-wheat rotations with four residue incorporation rates of preceding crop (0, 50, 100, and 200%) on wheat grain yield and nutrient concentrations; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S) at the end of the fourth season in a volcanic soil in south-central Chile. Grain yield varied between 5.77 and 5.96 Mg ha⁻¹ and was not affected by the preceding crop. The residue incorporation rates had no effect on the evaluated parameters. The preceding crop affected grain K and Mg concentration, which increased after bean. The Ca concentration in the residue was positively affected by the canola crop. Total macronutrient extraction in the wheat crop was 444.1 kg ha⁻¹. The ranking of total macronutrient extraction in the wheat crop was N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg with means of 198–221, 26.1–30.6, 133–163, 20.8–27.1, 13.4–16.5, and 14.9–16.5 kg ha⁻¹, respectively.

摘要

使用作物轮作和残留物管理的保护性农业为土壤和环境提供了许多好处，这取决于气候和土壤条件、轮作之间的作物以及掺入的残留物量。本研究评估了两种中期油菜 ( Brassica napus L.)-小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) 和豆 ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-小麦轮作对前茬作物四种残留掺入率 (0, 50 , 100, 和 200%) 对小麦籽粒产量和养分浓度的影响；智利中南部火山土壤中第四季结束时的氮 (N)、磷 (P)、钾 (K)、钙 (Ca)、镁 (Mg) 和硫 (S)。粮食产量在 5.77 和 5.96 毫克公顷之间变化^-1并且不受前一作物的影响。残留物掺入率对评估参数没有影响。前茬影响籽粒钾和镁浓度，豆后增加。残渣中的 Ca 浓度受到油菜作物的正向影响。小麦作物中的总常量营养素提取量为 444.1 kg ha ^-1。小麦作物总营养素提取量的排序为 N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg，平均值分别为 198-221、26.1-30.6、133-163、20.8-27.1、13.4-16.5 和 14.9-16.5 kg ha ^-1，分别。