Abstract

Objective

Depression and perceived stress are important risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The current study examined the joint effects of parenting styles on suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in early adolescents while considering relevant individual factors, and evaluated whether social support can offset the risk.

Methods

The present study was part of a large cohort study aiming at tracing the mental health and risk behaviors in adolescents, and we utilized baseline data collected from 645 4th grade students with complete assessment of suicidal behaviors, social support, parental bonding, depression, and perceived stress. Participants’ mean age was 9.97 years (SD = 0.38) with 53.02% boys. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between independent variables and youth suicidal behaviors.

Results

16.28% students reported to have SI and 4.96% had SA. Depression (SI: OR = 3.66-3.89; SA: OR = 3.98–4.50), father’s low care and high authoritarian (LCHA) (SI: OR = 3.04; SA: OR = 2.43), and low acceptance and high authoritarian (LAHA) (SI: OR = 3.58; SA: OR = 4.77) parenting styles were strong risk factors, while overall social support (SI: OR = 0.98; SA: OR = 0.97) was a protective factor of SI and SA for early adolescents. Perceived stress (OR = 1.07–1.08) and mother’s LCHA parenting style (OR = 2.03) were risk factors of SI. Overall, a family with LCHA parenting (OR = 2.82) or LAHA parenting (OR = 3.35–3.72) regardless parental gender had increased risk for SI and SA.

Conclusion

Family and social factors are important to consider in suicidal prevention and interventions among early adolescents, in addition to assessing individual risk factors.

• Highlights

• Suicidal ideations (16.28%) and attempts (4.96%) were prevalent in early adolescents at elementary schools. Depression status remains a significant risk factor for both SI and SA in early adolescents.

• Unfavorable parenting styles (LCHA or LAHA) increased the risk of SI and SA, especially received from father.

• Overall social support had independent protective effect on suicidal behaviors, when taking aforementioned individual and family risk factors into account.

中文翻译：

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社会支持降低了早期青少年自杀行为的不利教养方式的风险

摘要

客观的

抑郁和感知到的压力是青少年自杀行为的重要危险因素。当前的研究在考虑相关个体因素的同时检查了养育方式对早期青少年自杀意念 (SI) 和企图 (SA) 的联合影响，并评估了社会支持是否可以抵消风险。

方法

本研究是一项旨在追踪青少年心理健康和危险行为的大型队列研究的一部分，我们利用从 645 名四年级学生收集的基线数据，对自杀行为、社会支持、父母关系、抑郁和感知压力。参与者的平均年龄为 9.97 岁 (SD = 0.38)，其中男孩占 53.02%。进行逻辑回归分析自变量与青少年自杀行为之间的关联。

结果

16.28% 的学生报告有 SI，4.96% 的学生有 SA。抑郁症（SI：OR = 3.66-3.89；SA：OR = 3.98-4.50），父亲的低关怀和高度专制（LCHA）（SI：OR = 3.04；SA：OR = 2.43），以及低接受度和高度专制（LAHA ）（SI：OR = 3.58；SA：OR = 4.77）教养方式是强风险因素，而整体社会支持（SI：OR = 0.98；SA：OR = 0.97）是早期青少年SI和SA的保护因素。感知压力 (OR = 1.07–1.08) 和母亲的 LCHA 教养方式 (OR = 2.03) 是 SI 的危险因素。总体而言，无论父母性别如何，采用 ​​LCHA 育儿方式 (OR = 2.82) 或 LAHA 育儿方式 (OR = 3.35–3.72) 的家庭患 SI 和 SA 的风险增加。

结论

除了评估个人风险因素外，家庭和社会因素对于早期青少年的自杀预防和干预也很重要。

• 强调

• 自杀意念（16.28%）和自杀企图（4.96%）在小学早期青少年中普遍存在。抑郁状态仍然是早期青少年 SI 和 SA 的重要危险因素。

• 不利的养育方式（LCHA 或 LAHA）增加了 SI 和 SA 的风险，尤其是从父亲那里得到的。

• 当考虑上述个人和家庭危险因素时，整体社会支持对自杀行为具有独立的保护作用。