Environmental and lifestyle factors play an important role in the natural history of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A group of international experts from the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases voted on a series of consensus statements to inform the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The recommendations include avoiding traditional cigarette smoking in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, screening for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stressors at diagnosis and during flares (with referral to mental health professionals when appropriate), and encouraging regular physical activity as tolerated. Patients using dietary approaches for treatment of their IBD should be encouraged to adopt diets that are best supported by evidence and involve monitoring for the objective resolution of inflammation. We recommend formal assessment for obesity and nutritional deficiencies, and patients should be encouraged to maintain a normal body-mass index. A shared decision-making approach to contraception should include the consideration of IBD-related factors, and risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Long-term or frequent use of high-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided. For primary prevention of disease in the offspring of patients with IBD, we recommend avoiding passive exposure to tobacco, using antibiotics judiciously, and considering breastfeeding when able.

环境和生活方式因素在克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的自然病程中起着重要作用。来自国际炎症性肠病研究组织的一组国际专家对一系列共识声明进行了投票，以告知炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的管理。建议包括克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎患者避免传统吸烟，在诊断时和发作期间筛查抑郁、焦虑和心理社会压力源的症状（在适当时转诊给心理健康专业人员），并鼓励在可耐受的情况下进行定期体育活动. 应鼓励使用饮食方法治疗 IBD 的患者采用最有证据支持的饮食，并包括监测炎症的客观消退情况。我们建议对肥胖和营养缺乏进行正式评估，并应鼓励患者保持正常的体重指数。避孕的共同决策方法应包括考虑 IBD 相关因素和静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。应避免长期或频繁使用大剂量非甾体抗炎药。对于 IBD 患者后代疾病的一级预防，我们建议避免被动接触烟草，明智地使用抗生素，并在可能的情况下考虑母乳喂养。我们建议对肥胖和营养缺乏进行正式评估，并应鼓励患者保持正常的体重指数。避孕的共同决策方法应包括考虑 IBD 相关因素和静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。应避免长期或频繁使用大剂量非甾体抗炎药。对于 IBD 患者后代疾病的一级预防，我们建议避免被动接触烟草，明智地使用抗生素，并在可能的情况下考虑母乳喂养。我们建议对肥胖和营养缺乏进行正式评估，并应鼓励患者保持正常的体重指数。避孕的共同决策方法应包括考虑 IBD 相关因素和静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。应避免长期或频繁使用大剂量非甾体抗炎药。对于 IBD 患者后代疾病的一级预防，我们建议避免被动接触烟草，明智地使用抗生素，并在可能的情况下考虑母乳喂养。和静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。应避免长期或频繁使用大剂量非甾体抗炎药。对于 IBD 患者后代疾病的一级预防，我们建议避免被动接触烟草，明智地使用抗生素，并在可能的情况下考虑母乳喂养。和静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。应避免长期或频繁使用大剂量非甾体抗炎药。对于 IBD 患者后代疾病的一级预防，我们建议避免被动接触烟草，明智地使用抗生素，并在可能的情况下考虑母乳喂养。