Prospect of grain weight improvement in bread wheat has been reviewed by analysing 30-year data of the released and pre-released varieties evaluated in India during 1992–2021 under 10 diverse environments in five zones under timely and late sown conditions. The study reveals that enlargement of the reproductive phase by early heading and late maturity is feasible only in the environments where vegetative phase is large. This strategy of grain weight improvement can be effective in the northern hills of India for both timely sown (second fortnight of October) and late sown (first fortnight of December) wheat and it causes no reduction in the yield. This approach is also applicable in the agro-ecologies highly congenial for wheat growth as noticed in timely sown wheat varieties of western Indo-Gangetic plains. In areas where crop duration is short due to warmer climatic conditions like central and peninsular India, early heading can be effective for increasing grain weight, but it affects yield. Besides phenology, height can also be crucial in certain environments as it is closely related with grain weight in timely sown wheat of eastern as well as western Indo-Gangetic plains and late sown wheat of the northern hills. Height can also enhance the effect of phenological attributes in some environments. Under late heat-stressed environments, none of these parameters can be helpful in grain weight improvement. The study suggests that simultaneous improvement in grain weight and grain yield of wheat by the adoption of these predictors individually or in combination is possible in certain agro-ecologies of India.

通过分析 1992 年至 2021 年间印度在 10 个不同环境下适时和晚播条件下评估的已发布和预发布品种的 30 年数据，回顾了面包小麦粒重改善的前景。研究表明，只有在营养阶段较大的环境中，通过提早抽穗和晚熟来扩大繁殖阶段才是可行的。这种提高粒重的策略在印度北部山区对于及时播种（10 月第二个两周）和晚播（12 月第一个两周）小麦都有效，并且不会导致产量下降。这种方法也适用于与小麦生长高度一致的农业生态系统，正如在印度-恒河平原西部及时播种的小麦品种中所注意到的那样。在印度中部和半岛等气候条件变暖导致作物持续时间较短的地区，提早抽穗可有效增加谷物重量，但会影响产量。除了物候，高度在某些环境中也很重要，因为它与东部和西部印度恒河平原及时播种的小麦和北部丘陵晚播小麦的粒重密切相关。在某些环境中，高度还可以增强物候属性的影响。在后期热应激环境下，这些参数都无助于改善粒重。该研究表明，在印度的某些农业生态系统中，通过单独或组合采用这些预测因子同时提高小麦的粒重和谷物产量是可能的。