Importance Little is known about the extent to which secondhand exposure to household firearms is associated with risk of suicide in adults who do not own guns, most of whom are women. Objective To evaluate changes in risk of suicide among women living in gun-free households after one of their cohabitants became a handgun owner. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study observed participants for up to 12 years and 2 months from October 18, 2004, to December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from April to November 2021. The study population included 9.5 million adult women in California who did not own guns and who entered the study while living with 1 or more adults in a handgun-free home. Exposures Secondhand exposure to household handguns. Main Outcomes and Measures Suicide, firearm suicide, nonfirearm suicide. Results Of 9.5 million women living in handgun-free homes, 331 968 women (3.5% of the study population; mean [SD] age, 41.6 [18.0] years) became exposed to household handguns during the study period. In the entire study population, 294 959 women died: 2197 (1%) of these were by suicide, 337 (15%) of which were suicides by firearm. Rates of suicide by any method during follow-up were higher among cohort members residing with handgun owners compared with those residing in handgun-free homes (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11-1.84). The excess suicide rate was accounted for by higher rates of suicide by firearm (hazard ratio, 4.32; 95% CI, 2.89-6.46). Women in households with and without handguns had similar rates of suicide by nonfirearm methods (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.63-1.27). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the rate of suicide among women was significantly higher after a cohabitant of theirs became a handgun owner compared with the rate observed while they lived in handgun-free homes.

中文翻译：

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2004 年至 2016 年，加州与手枪拥有者同住的女性与与其他成年人一起生活在无手枪家庭中的自杀死亡人数。


重要性 对于二手枪械接触与不拥有枪支的成年人（其中大多数是女性）的自杀风险之间的关系，人们知之甚少。目的 评估生活在无枪家庭的女性在其同居者之一成为手枪拥有者后自杀风险的变化。设计、设置和参与者 这项队列研究对参与者进行了长达 12 年零 2 个月的观察，时间为 2004 年 10 月 18 日至 2016 年 12 月 31 日。数据分析时间为 2021 年 4 月至 11 月。研究人群包括加州 950 万成年女性谁没有拥有枪支，谁进入研究时与一名或多名成年人住在没有手枪的家中。接触 二手家用手枪的接触。主要成果和措施 自杀、枪支自杀、非枪支自杀。结果 在研究期间，生活在无手枪家庭的 950 万妇女中，有 331 968 名妇女（占研究人口的 3.5%；平均 [SD] 年龄，41.6 [18.0] 岁）接触过家用手枪。在整个研究人群中，有 294 959 名女性死亡：其中 2197 人（1%）死于自杀，其中 337 人（15%）死于枪支自杀。与居住在无手枪家庭的人群相比，随访期间与手枪拥有者同住的队列成员中以任何方式自杀的比率均较高（风险比，1.43；95% CI，1.11-1.84）。自杀率过高是由枪支自杀率较高造成的（危险比，4.32；95% CI，2.89-6.46）。拥有和不拥有手枪的家庭中的女性通过非枪支方法自杀的比率相似（风险比，0.90；95% CI，0.63-1.27）。 结论和相关性 在这项研究中，与住在没有手枪的家庭中观察到的自杀率相比，在同居者成为手枪拥有者后，女性的自杀率明显更高。