As the circular economy (CE) is a viable solution to address environmental issues, academics and policy makers aim to have a better understanding of the drivers and barriers related to its development. Nonetheless, what is still missing in this discussion is what governance arrangements at the micro level would be conducive for the CE. In other words, how actors should interact to apply, form, and reform rules to organize activities inherent in the development of the CE. This study aims to investigate this question by mobilizing the Socio-Ecological Systems framework to examine five methanation projects carried out in the Brittany and Normandy regions of France. As these projects are characterized by different outcomes, a comparative analysis is conducted to identify a set of governance arrangement factors that are key to the success of the CE. First, in terms of actors, the results highlight the importance of (i) the participation of all relevant stakeholders in the governance process, especially local inhabitants, (ii) facilitative leadership, (iii) sufficient technological expertise. Second, there should be effective collaboration through frequent information sharing and self-organizing activities. Third, actors apply constitutional rules while elaborating collective choice rules that allow a collaborative and bottom-up governance.

由于循环经济 (CE) 是解决环境问题的可行解决方案，因此学术界和政策制定者旨在更好地了解与其发展相关的驱动因素和障碍。尽管如此，在这个讨论中仍然缺少什么微观层面的治理安排将有利于行政长官。换言之，参与者应如何互动以应用、形成和改革规则，以组织 CE 发展中固有的活动。本研究旨在通过动员社会生态系统框架检查在法国布列塔尼和诺曼底地区开展的五个甲烷化项目来调查这个问题。由于这些项目的特点是不同的结果，因此进行了比较分析，以确定一组对 CE 成功至关重要的治理安排因素。首先，就参与者而言，结果强调了（i）所有相关利益相关者参与治理过程的重要性，尤其是当地居民，（ii）促进领导，（iii）足够的技术专业知识。其次，应该通过频繁的信息共享和自组织活动进行有效协作。第三，行为者在制定允许协作和自下而上治理的集体选择规则时应用宪法规则。