Seed size is an important component of overall seed yield trait, and apricots cultivated for consumable kernels produce kernels that are large and sweet. However, the molecular mechanism of kernel development in kernel consumption apricots remains unclear. We measured kernel weight, length, width, and thickness and investigated the transcriptome profiles of kernel consumption apricots (Prunus armeniaca × Prunus sibirica) at six different developmental stages. The phenotypic analysis results showed that rapid kernel size development occurred from 15 to 45 days after flowering (DAF), and that the kernel coat size almost reached its the maximum at 45 DAF, suggesting that the early kernel development was important factor that determine overall kernel size. A total of 8,108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that turquoise module was strongly correlated with the kernel size. Six hub genes were identified as potential regulators of the kernel size. Furthermore, we analyzed the DEGs related to kernel size in the phytohormones metabolic pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G-protein signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and HAIKU pathway, which were considered to be important regulators of kernel size. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of kernel size in kernel consumption apricots.

种子大小是种子整体产量性状的重要组成部分，为食用籽粒栽培的杏子产生的籽粒又大又甜。然而，仁消费杏仁发育的分子机制仍不清楚。我们测量了仁重、长度、宽度和厚度，并研究了仁消费杏 ( Prunus armeniaca  ×  Prunus sibirica ) 的转录组谱) 在六个不同的发展阶段。表型分析结果表明，在开花后（DAF）15~45天，籽粒大小快速发育，45 DAF时籽粒外壳尺寸几乎达到最大值，表明早期籽粒发育是决定整体籽粒的重要因素。尺寸。共鉴定出 8,108 个差异表达基因 (DEG)，加权基因共表达网络分析显示 turquoise 模块与内核大小密切相关。六个中心基因被确定为内核大小的潜在调节因子。此外，我们分析了与植物激素代谢途径、泛素-蛋白酶体途径、G 蛋白信号传导、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号传导和 HAIKU 途径中的内核大小相关的 DEG，它们被认为是内核大小的重要调节器。我们的研究结果为核消费杏中核大小调控的分子机制提供了新的见解。