Tissue-resident immune cells span both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages, have been found in multiple human tissues, and play integral roles at all stages of the immune response, from maintaining homeostasis to responding to infectious challenges to resolution of inflammation to tissue repair. In humans, studying immune cells and responses in tissues is challenging, although recent advances in sampling and high-dimensional profiling have provided new insights into the ontogeny, maintenance, and functional role of tissue-resident immune cells. Each tissue contains a specific complement of resident immune cells. Moreover, resident immune cells for each lineage share core properties, along with tissue-specific adaptations. Here we propose a five-point checklist for defining resident immune cell types in humans and describe the currently known features of resident immune cells, their mechanisms of development, and their putative functional roles within various human organs. We also consider these aspects of resident immune cells in the context of future studies and therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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人体组织驻留免疫细胞


组织驻留免疫细胞跨越骨髓和淋巴细胞谱系，已在多种人体组织中发现，并在免疫反应的各个阶段发挥着不可或缺的作用，从维持体内平衡到应对感染挑战，再到解决炎症和组织修复。在人类中，研究组织中的免疫细胞和反应具有挑战性，尽管采样和高维分析的最新进展为组织驻留免疫细胞的个体发育、维持和功能作用提供了新的见解。每个组织都含有特定的常驻免疫细胞。此外，每个谱系的常驻免疫细胞都具有共同的核心特性，以及组织特异性的适应能力。在这里，我们提出了一个五点清单，用于定义人类常驻免疫细胞类型，并描述了常驻免疫细胞目前已知的特征、它们的发育机制以及它们在各种人体器官中的假定功能作用。我们还在未来的研究和治疗中考虑常驻免疫细胞的这些方面。