Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of thirty-three receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large N-termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer unique properties to each receptor and possess a variety of distinct domains that can bind to a diverse array of extracellular proteins and components of the extracellular matrix. The traditional view of AGPCRs, as implied by their name, is that their core function is the mediation of adhesion. In recent years, though, many surprising advances have been made regarding AGPCR signaling mechanisms, activation by mechanosensory forces, and stimulation by small-molecule ligands such as steroid hormones and bioactive lipids. Thus, a new view of AGPCRs has begun to emerge in which these receptors are seen as massive signaling platforms that are crucial for the integration of adhesive, mechanosensory, and chemical stimuli. This review article describes the recent advances that have led to this new understanding of AGPCR function and also discusses new insights into the physiological actions of these receptors as well as their roles in human disease.

中文翻译：

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粘附 G 蛋白偶联受体：结构、信号传导、生理学和病理生理学

粘附 G 蛋白偶联受体 (AGPCR) 是人类中的一个由 33 种受体组成的家族，表现出保守的一般结构，但表达模式和生理功能不同。AGPCR 的大 N 末端特征赋予每个受体独特的特性，并拥有各种不同的结构域，可以与多种细胞外蛋白和细胞外基质成分结合。AGPCR 的传统观点，正如其名称所暗示的那样，其核心功能是介导粘附。然而，近年来，在 AGPCR 信号传导机制、机械感觉力激活以及类固醇激素和生物活性脂质等小分子配体刺激方面取得了许多令人惊讶的进展。因此，一种关于 AGPCR 的新观点开始出现，其中这些受体被视为巨大的信号平台，对于粘合、机械感觉和化学刺激的整合至关重要。这篇综述文章描述了导致人们对 AGPCR 功能有了新认识的最新进展，并讨论了对这些受体的生理作用及其在人类疾病中的作用的新见解。