ABSTRACT

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by pervasive alterations in self-regulation. Attachment patterns could be involved in maintaining the clinical features of ADHD during development. This meta-analytic review summarizes the findings of 26 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed correlations between attachment styles and ADHD features among children and adolescents. Results show that insecure attachment highlighted significant correlations with ADHD inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Dismissive/avoidant attachment was associated with inattention features. Ambivalent/preoccupied attachment correlated with hyperactivity symptoms. Disorganized attachment was associated with inattentive symptoms. Insecure attachment was prospectively associated with later ADHD symptoms. Cross-sectional correlations between insecure attachment and ADHD symptoms were comparable to longitudinal ones. This might suggest a transactional developmental model of ADHD considering mutual reinforcement effects of insecure attachment patterns and core clinical features of the disorder. Clinical samples with ADHD should be assessed in order to support this theoretical framework.

摘要

注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是自我调节的普遍改变。依恋模式可能参与在发育过程中维持 ADHD 的临床特征。这篇荟萃分析综述总结了 26 项横断面和纵向研究的结果，这些研究评估了儿童和青少年依恋风格与 ADHD 特征之间的相关性。结果表明，不安全的依恋突出了与 ADHD 注意力不集中和多动症状的显着相关性。轻蔑/回避依恋与注意力不集中的特征有关。矛盾/全神贯注的依恋与多动症状相关。杂乱无章的依恋与注意力不集中的症状有关。不安全依恋与后来的 ADHD 症状前瞻性相关。不安全依恋和 ADHD 症状之间的横截面相关性与纵向相关性相当。这可能表明 ADHD 的交易发展模型考虑了不安全依恋模式和该疾病的核心临床特征的相互强化作用。应评估患有 ADHD 的临床样本，以支持这一理论框架。