Global food systems face the challenge of providing healthy and adequate nutrition through sustainable means, which is exacerbated by climate change and increasing protein demand by the world’s growing population. Recent advances in novel food production technologies demonstrate potential solutions for improving the sustainability of food systems. Yet, diet-level comparisons are lacking and are needed to fully understand the environmental impacts of incorporating novel foods in diets. Here we estimate the possible reductions in global warming potential, water use and land use by replacing animal-source foods with novel or plant-based foods in European diets. Using a linear programming model, we optimized omnivore, vegan and novel food diets for minimum environmental impacts with nutrition and feasible consumption constraints. Replacing animal-source foods in current diets with novel foods reduced all environmental impacts by over 80% and still met nutrition and feasible consumption constraints.

全球粮食系统面临着通过可持续方式提供健康和充足营养的挑战，气候变化和世界不断增长的人口对蛋白质的需求增加加剧了这一挑战。新型食品生产技术的最新进展展示了提高食品系统可持续性的潜在解决方案。然而，缺乏饮食层面的比较，并且需要进行比较才能充分了解将新食品纳入饮食对环境的影响。在这里，我们估计在欧洲饮食中用新的或植物性食物代替动物源性食物可能会减少全球变暖潜能值、用水量和土地使用量。使用线性规划模型，我们优化了杂食动物、素食主义者和新型食物饮食，以在营养和可行的消费限制下将环境影响降至最低。