The present work examined whether men's and women's gender-identities and experiences of gender threats influenced their self-images. Findings across two studies (N = 567) revealed that masculinity in men appears to be more precarious than femininity is in women, but when similarly threatened in a given situation both men's and women's anger predicted their construction of gender compensatory self-images. Specifically, in Study 1, participants' definition of the self in terms of gender ingroup (vs. outgroup) traits (a) positively predicted the gender stereotypicality of men's and women's actual photographs and women's constructed self-images, but (b) negatively predicted the gender stereotypicality of men's self-images. Men whose self definitions least strongly prioritized gender ingroup (over outgroup) traits generated the most gender stereotypic self-images, as rated by independent judges. In addition, in Study 2, after being led to believe that they performed like average members of their gender outgroup (i.e., threat condition) on a gender knowledge test, men expressed more public discomfort and were angrier than women. Gender threat (vs. assurance) also indirectly predicted the generation of more gender stereotypic self-images for men, but not women; this effect was significant via serial mediation, through public discomfort and anger. However, extending prior findings, anger (but not public discomfort) was significantly associated with and predicted the construction of feedback contradicting self-images similarly. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and research on gender-identity, self-image, and compensatory gender threat responses.

目前的工作检查了男性和女性的性别认同和性别威胁的经历是否影响了他们的自我形象。两项研究的结果（N = 567) 揭示了男性的阳刚之气似乎比女性的女性气质更不稳定，但是当在特定情况下同样受到威胁时，男性和女性的愤怒都预示着他们构建了性别补偿性自我形象。具体而言，在研究 1 中，参与者根据性别内群体（与外群体）特征对自我的定义（a）正向预测男性和女性实际照片和女性构建的自我形象的性别刻板印象，但（b）负预测男性自我形象的性别刻板印象。自我定义最不重视性别内群体（而非外群体）特征的男性产生最多由独立法官评定的性别刻板印象自我形象。此外，在研究 2 中，在被引导相信他们在性别知识测试中表现得与性别外群体的普通成员一样（即威胁状况）后，男性比女性表达了更多的公众不适和愤怒。性别威胁（相对于保证）也间接预测了男性（而非女性）会产生更多的性别刻板印象自我形象；通过一系列调解，通过公众的不适和愤怒，这种影响是显着的。然而，扩展先前的研究结果，愤怒（但不是公众的不适）与类似地与自我形象相矛盾的反馈的构建显着相关并预测了这一点。我们讨论了这些发现对性别认同、自我形象和补偿性性别威胁反应的理论和研究的影响。