Proniosomes are the stable carriers used for transdermal application as compared to other vesicular delivery systems like niosomes and liposomes. Oral administration of a drug is associated with severe GIT irritation and first-pass metabolism. The vesicular drug delivery system includes the basic concept of niosomes and proniosomes which describes their mechanism of action, structural formation, interactive study with skin, composition, and method of preparation. Gels contain a high aqueous component as compared to ointment and creams, due to which they can dissolve high concentrations of drugs, and thus help the drug to migrate easily through a vehicle, due to which, gels are considered to be superior in terms of use and patient compliance. This review will focus on the up-to-date research developments in the use of proniosomes, which are applicable to various diseases. Proniosomes are prepared mainly by different concentrations of nonionic surfactants, cholesterol, and lecithin by entrapping hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. In earlier studies, it was found that the non-ionic surfactants and phospholipids provided higher penetration and it has also been found that some phospholipids have the ability to fluidize the lipid bilayers of the stratum corneum and diffuse through it. In the future, proniosomes may gain more importance in the area of melanoma, brain targeting, protein and peptide drug delivery, gene delivery, hematological drug delivery, and also in cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.

中文翻译：

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Proniosomal 透皮给药的最新进展：概述

与其他囊泡递送系统如 niosomes 和脂质体相比，Proniosomes 是用于透皮应用的稳定载体。口服药物与严重的 GIT 刺激和首过代谢有关。囊泡给药系统包括 niosomes 和 proniosomes 的基本概念，描述了它们的作用机制、结构形成、与皮肤的相互作用研究、组成和制备方法。与软膏和乳膏相比，凝胶含有较高的水性成分，因此它们可以溶解高浓度的药物，从而帮助药物容易地通过载体迁移，因此，凝胶被认为在使用方面具有优越性和患者的依从性。这篇综述将重点关注使用proniosomes的最新研究进展，适用于各种疾病。Proniosomes 主要由不同浓度的非离子表面活性剂、胆固醇和卵磷脂通过包载疏水性和亲水性药物制备。在早期的研究中，发现非离子表面活性剂和磷脂提供了更高的渗透性，并且还发现一些磷脂具有使角质层的脂质双层流化并扩散通过它的能力。未来，proniosomes 可能在黑色素瘤、脑靶向、蛋白质和肽药物递送、基因递送、血液药物递送以及化妆品和保健品领域变得更加重要。和卵磷脂通过包埋疏水性和亲水性药物。在早期的研究中，发现非离子表面活性剂和磷脂提供了更高的渗透性，并且还发现一些磷脂具有使角质层的脂质双层流化并扩散通过它的能力。未来，proniosomes 可能在黑色素瘤、脑靶向、蛋白质和肽药物递送、基因递送、血液药物递送以及化妆品和保健品领域变得更加重要。和卵磷脂通过包埋疏水性和亲水性药物。在早期的研究中，发现非离子表面活性剂和磷脂提供了更高的渗透性，并且还发现一些磷脂具有使角质层的脂质双层流化并扩散通过它的能力。未来，proniosomes 可能在黑色素瘤、脑靶向、蛋白质和肽药物递送、基因递送、血液药物递送以及化妆品和保健品领域变得更加重要。