Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid and porous materials with ample opportunities for photocatalytic applications. Their structural components are suitable for precisely engineering photoactive elements of various kinds and analysing energetic processes at different scales; furthermore, their large surface area can be decorated with non-structural elements to adjust the parental properties as needed. In this regard, various organic and inorganic catalytic elements have been successfully modulated in localized sites of photoactive MOFs. In spite of the obvious attractiveness, the functionalization of MOFs with effective and localized catalytically active components can only be achieved under controlled conditions and with the respect of precise assumptions. Accordingly, we want to provide a series of guidelines based on theoretical and experimentally proven concepts concerning the engineering of catalytically active sites located in the distinctive MOF components. Apart from discussing the general concepts and the instrumental role of photocatalytic elements in advanced materials, notes are prepared on the synthesis and characterization procedures involved in the intercalation of localized catalytic sites (CSs) within the MOF lattice. Special emphasis is given to the methods employed to immobilize these CSs in the distinctive structural components of MOF while favouring structural retention of the latter. At the same time, a distinction is made for the multifarious catalytic elements according to their chemical classification; to this end, special mention is made of the instrumental techniques used to describe their structural composition. Photogenerated charge transfer mechanisms are illustrated on the basis of the procedures chosen by the authors. In conclusion, this review will comprehensively examine illustrative photocatalytic reactions and performance of photoactive MOFs with CSs located at distinctive structural sites.

金属有机框架 (MOF) 是混合和多孔材料，具有充足的光催化应用机会。它们的结构组件适用于精确设计各种类型的光活性元素和分析不同尺度的能量过程；此外，它们的大表面积可以用非结构元素装饰，以根据需要调整亲本属性。在这方面，各种有机和无机催化元素已成功地在光活性 MOF 的局部位点进行调制。尽管具有明显的吸引力，但具有有效和局部催化活性成分的 MOF 的功能化只能在受控条件下并在精确假设的情况下实现。因此，我们希望提供一系列基于理论和实验证明概念的指南，这些概念涉及位于独特 MOF 组件中的催化活性位点的工程设计。除了讨论光催化元素在先进材料中的一般概念和工具作用外，还准备了关于 MOF 晶格内局部催化位点 (CS) 插层所涉及的合成和表征程序的说明。特别强调了用于将这些 CS 固定在 MOF 的独特结构成分中的方法，同时有利于后者的结构保留。同时根据化学分类对多种催化元素进行了区分；为此，特别提到了用于描述其结构组成的工具技术。根据作者选择的程序说明了光生电荷转移机制。总之，本综述将全面研究说明性光催化反应和光活性 MOFs 与位于独特结构位点的 CSs 的性能。