Spawning patterns in fish that use temperature as a spawning cue are responding to long-term changes in the climate. The threatened Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell), is an important apex species in inland south-eastern Australia. Information from 1461 spawnings collected from hatcheries over 40 years was combined with environmental, meteorological, and astronomical data to (1) identify factors affecting spawning and (2) detect changes in spawning associated with climate change. The spawning season extended over four months, from late-August at low latitudes to mid-January at high latitudes, but locally lasted 1–2 months. Spawning events were preceded by an increase in temperature in the days leading up to spawning, whereas a decline in temperature inhibited spawning. In the Murray-Darling River basin, the spawning season of Murray Cod began earlier and shortened in duration inversely with the mean spring temperature anomaly. Spawning is predicted to occur up to 4 weeks earlier by 2090 in response to future temperature projections in the Murray-Darling River basin. Since climate change is affecting aquatic environments globally, findings from this study have implications to the long-term management of temperate freshwater species that are the subject of regulations aimed to protect fish during the spawning season.

中文翻译：

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气候变化中温带淡水墨累鳕鱼 (Maccullochella peerii) 的环境产卵线索

使用温度作为产卵提示的鱼类产卵模式正在对气候的长期变化做出反应。受威胁的墨累鳕鱼，Maccullochella peerii（Mitchell），是澳大利亚东南部内陆的重要顶种。40 多年来从孵化场收集的 1461 次产卵信息与环境、气象和天文数据相结合，以 (1) 确定影响产卵的因素和 (2) 检测与气候变化相关的产卵变化。产卵期长达四个多月，从低纬地区的8月下旬到高纬地区的1月中旬，但局部持续了1-2个月。产卵事件之前的几天温度升高导致产卵，而温度下降抑制产卵。在墨累-达令河流域，墨累鳕鱼的产卵季节开始较早，持续时间与春季平均气温异常成反比。预计到 2090 年产卵时间将提前 4 周，以响应墨累-达令河流域未来的温度预测。由于气候变化正在影响全球水生环境，这项研究的结果对温带淡水物种的长期管理产生了影响，这些物种是旨在在产卵季节保护鱼类的法规的主题。