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Constraints on magic state protocols from the statistical mechanics of Wigner negativity
npj Quantum Information ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41534-022-00551-1
Nikolaos Koukoulekidis 1 , David Jennings 1, 2
Affiliation  

Magic states are key ingredients in schemes to realize universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Theories of magic states attempt to quantify this computational element via monotones and determine how these states may be efficiently transformed into useful forms. Here, we develop a statistical mechanical framework based on majorization to describe Wigner negative magic states for qudits of odd prime dimension processed under Clifford circuits. We show that majorization allows us to both quantify disorder in the Wigner representation and derive upper bounds for magic distillation. These bounds are shown to be tighter than other bounds, such as from mana and thauma, and can be used to incorporate hardware physics, such as temperature dependence and system Hamiltonians. We also show that a subset of single-shot Rényi entropies remain well-defined on quasi-distributions, are fully meaningful in terms of data processing and can acquire negative values that signal magic. We find that the mana of a magic state is the measure of divergence of these Rényi entropies as one approaches the Shannon entropy for Wigner distributions, and discuss how distillation lower bounds could be obtained in this setting. This use of majorization for quasi-distributions could find application in other studies of non-classicality, and raises nontrivial questions in the context of classical statistical mechanics.



中文翻译:

来自 Wigner 负性统计力学的魔法状态协议约束

魔态是实现通用容错量子计算方案的关键要素。魔法状态理论试图通过单调来量化这种计算元素,并确定这些状态如何有效地转化为有用的形式。在这里,我们开发了一个基于专业化的统计力学框架来描述在 Clifford 电路下处理的奇素数维数的 Wigner 负魔法状态。我们表明,专业化使我们既可以量化 Wigner 表示中的无序,又可以得出魔法蒸馏的上限。这些界限被证明比其他界限更严格,例如来自法力和奇术的界限,并且可以用于合并硬件物理,例如温度依赖性和系统哈密顿量。我们还表明,单次 Rényi 熵的一个子集在准分布上仍然是明确定义的,在数据​​处理方面是完全有意义的,并且可以获得表示魔法的负值。我们发现魔法状态的法力值是这些 Rényi 熵在接近 Wigner 分布的香农熵时散度的度量,并讨论了如何在此设置中获得蒸馏下限。这种对准分布的专业化的使用可以在其他非经典性研究中找到应用,并在经典统计力学的背景下提出非平凡的问题。我们发现魔法状态的法力值是这些 Rényi 熵在接近 Wigner 分布的香农熵时散度的度量,并讨论了如何在此设置中获得蒸馏下限。这种对准分布的专业化的使用可以在其他非经典性研究中找到应用,并在经典统计力学的背景下提出非平凡的问题。我们发现魔法状态的法力值是这些 Rényi 熵在接近 Wigner 分布的香农熵时散度的度量,并讨论了如何在此设置中获得蒸馏下限。这种对准分布的专业化的使用可以在其他非经典性研究中找到应用,并在经典统计力学的背景下提出非平凡的问题。

更新日期:2022-04-25
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