Our study explored the relations between perceived everyday discrimination (PED), brooding rumination (dwelling on negative feelings), reflection rumination (attempting to understand a negative state), and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Previous research has identified PED as a risk factor for depressive symptoms across diverse populations, and there is evidence that brooding mediates the relation between PED and symptoms of depression in adolescents. However, we addressed a gap in the literature by examining how reflection, which is hypothesized to be a more adaptive coping response than brooding, is related to PED and depressive symptoms. Our sample of 232 adolescents (89 female) aged 13 to 16 (M = 14.18, SD = 0.54) identified as Black (46.5%), White (37.0%), Mixed Race (12.2%), Hispanic (1.7%), and Other (2.6%). Participants completed self-report measures of PED (attributable to any self-identified distinguishing characteristic), brooding and reflection, and depressive symptoms. In accordance with our hypotheses, we found that PED was positively associated with both brooding and reflection. Additionally, PED and brooding, but not reflection, were positively associated with depressive symptoms when accounting for the impact of the other variables in the model. Our results add to existing evidence that brooding is a less adaptive form of rumination than reflection. Further, our results corroborate previous findings that brooding plays a role in the association between PED and depressive symptoms. Testing the differential mediating effects of brooding and reflection in the relation between PED and adolescent depressive symptoms in a prospective study design will be an important direction for future research.

我们的研究探讨了青少年感知到的日常歧视（PED）、沉思反刍（沉迷于负面情绪）、反思反刍（试图理解负面状态）和抑郁症状之间的关系。先前的研究已将 PED 确定为不同人群抑郁症状的危险因素，并且有证据表明，沉思调节了 PED 与青少年抑郁症状之间的关系。然而，我们通过检查被认为是比沉思更具适应性的应对反应的反思如何与 PED 和抑郁症状相关，从而解决了文献中的空白。我们的样本为 232 名 13 至 16 岁的青少年（89 名女性）（M  = 14.18，SD = 0.54) 确定为黑人 (46.5%)、白人 (37.0%)、混血 (12.2%)、西班牙裔 (1.7%) 和其他 (2.6%)。参与者完成了 PED（归因于任何自我识别的区分特征）、沉思和反思以及抑郁症状的自我报告测量。根据我们的假设，我们发现 PED 与沉思和反思呈正相关。此外，在考虑模型中其他变量的影响时，PED 和沉思（而非反思）与抑郁症状呈正相关。我们的结果增加了现有的证据，即沉思是一种不如反思适应性强的反刍形式。此外，我们的结果证实了先前的发现，即育雏在 PED 和抑郁症状之间的关联中起作用。