With the increasing importance of services in the manufacturing industry, manufacturers have been providing customers with packages that combine products and services. Such a product–service combination trend is often referred to as “servitization” and/or “product–service system,” and its impact on firm performance has been studied over decades. Although firms can improve their performance through service and product innovation, uncertainty in services may cause them to experience potential risks. Notwithstanding the risk associated with undertaking both product and service innovation together vis-à-vis the increase in resource and effort utilization, several studies have focused on performance itself without considering the change in inputs. Thus, this study measures innovation efficiency, which represents the ratio of innovation outputs to inputs, and verifies the difference in innovation efficiency among three different innovation types: 1) both product and service innovation, 2) product innovation only, and 3) service innovation only. The differences in innovation performance, which is measured by the sales of innovative products and utilized as an output factor in estimating efficiency, are also verified to compare the results with the difference in innovation efficiency by innovation type, and the changes in inputs are inferred. This study demonstrates that firms performing both product and service innovation tend to achieve higher innovation performance than others, albeit lower innovation efficiency. Based on the results, this study suggests an appropriate innovation strategy for firm managers, depending on firms’ innovation objectives and input availability.

随着服务在制造业中的重要性日益提高，制造商一直在为客户提供产品和服务相结合的套餐。这种产品-服务组合趋势通常被称为“服务化”和/或“产品-服务系统”，其对企业绩效的影响已经研究了数十年。尽管企业可以通过服务和产品创新来提高绩效，但服务的不确定性可能会导致它们面临潜在的风险。尽管同时进行产品和服务创新与资源和努力利用率的增加相关的风险，一些研究都集中在绩效本身，而没有考虑投入的变化。因此，本研究衡量创新效率，它代表创新产出与投入的比率，并验证了三种不同创新类型之间创新效率的差异：1）产品和服务创新，2）仅产品创新，3）仅服务创新。还验证了以创新产品的销售额衡量的创新绩效差异，并将其作为估计效率的输出因素，并将结果与​​创新类型的创新效率差异进行比较，并推断出投入的变化。这项研究表明，进行产品和服务创新的公司往往比其他公司获得更高的创新绩效，尽管创新效率较低。根据结果​​，本研究为公司管理者提出了适当的创新战略，