Agricultural intensification is known to lead to biotic homogenization by selecting against habitat and resource specialist species, but most studies on this phenomenon have been limited to certain parts of the landscape diversity gradient. We aimed to reveal the relationships between functional traits of diurnal Lepidoptera and landscape structure along a wide environmental gradient from nature reserves to intensive farmland in Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany. Butterflies and burnet moths were sampled along 1500 m long transects using ‘Pollard walk’ in 99 sites. Twenty nature reserves, 39 grassland-dominated and 40 arable-dominated agricultural landscapes were selected as study sites. Landscape structure was assessed within a 100 m buffer around each transect. The RLQ method and the ‘fourth-corner’ approach were combined to find statistical relationships between environmental factors and functional traits of Lepidoptera. We found a strong environmental gradient determined by landscape diversity and proportion of arable fields. Mobility, voltinism and overwintering stage were significantly correlated with these environmental variables. Butterflies with high mobility, high voltinism and non-larval overwintering stage were most abundant in landscapes with high proportion of arable fields and low landscape diversity. The second environmental gradient explained much less variance and separated less-intensively managed grasslands in nature reserves from conventionally managed grasslands in agricultural landscapes. Habitat specialization was correlated with this gradient as specialist butterflies were more abundant in grasslands in nature reserves. Larval diet breadth was not correlated with any environmental gradient or variable. We conclude that the mobility trait syndrome – comprising mobility, voltinism and overwintering stage – is independent from habitat and resource specialization and plays a primary role in shaping diurnal Lepidoptera communities in intensive agricultural landscapes with high cover of arable fields. We suggest that insect monitoring schemes should include some simple assessment of environmental variables to gain insight into the functioning of ecological communities beyond abundance trend estimations.

众所周知，农业集约化通过选择栖息地和资源专业物种导致生物同质化，但大多数关于这一现象的研究仅限于景观多样性梯度的某些部分。我们旨在揭示德国西南部巴登符腾堡州从自然保护区到集约农田的广泛环境梯度，昼夜鳞翅目功能特征与景观结构之间的关系。在 99 个地点使用“Pollard walk”沿 1500 米长的样带对蝴蝶和地蛾进行采样。选择20个自然保护区、39个草原为主和40个以耕地为主的农业景观作为研究点。景观结构在每个样带周围 100 m 的缓冲区内进行评估。RLQ 方法和“第四角”方法相结合，以发现环境因素与鳞翅目功能性状之间的统计关系。我们发现由景观多样性和耕地比例决定的强烈环境梯度。流动性、伏定性和越冬阶段与这些环境变量显着相关。在耕地比例高、景观多样性低的景观中，高机动性、高活动性和非幼虫越冬期的蝴蝶数量最多。第二个环境梯度解释的差异要小得多，并将自然保护区中管理较少的草地与农业景观中的常规管理草地区分开来。栖息地专业化与这种梯度相关，因为专业蝴蝶在自然保护区的草原上更为丰富。幼虫饮食宽度与任何环境梯度或变量无关。我们得出结论，移动性状综合征——包括移动性、伏打性和越冬阶段——独立于栖息地和资源专业化，并且在耕地覆盖率高的集约农业景观中塑造昼夜鳞翅目群落中发挥着主要作用。我们建议昆虫监测计划应包括对环境变量的一些简单评估，以深入了解生态群落的功能，而不是丰度趋势估计。我们得出结论，移动性状综合征——包括移动性、伏打性和越冬阶段——独立于栖息地和资源专业化，并且在耕地覆盖率高的集约农业景观中塑造昼夜鳞翅目群落中发挥着主要作用。我们建议昆虫监测计划应包括对环境变量的一些简单评估，以深入了解生态群落的功能，而不是丰度趋势估计。我们得出结论，移动性状综合征——包括移动性、伏打性和越冬阶段——独立于栖息地和资源专业化，并且在耕地覆盖率高的集约农业景观中塑造昼夜鳞翅目群落中发挥着主要作用。我们建议昆虫监测计划应包括对环境变量的一些简单评估，以深入了解生态群落的功能，而不是丰度趋势估计。