Determining the transmissibility, prevalence and patterns of movement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is central to our understanding of the impact of the pandemic and to the design of effective control strategies. Phylogenies (evolutionary trees) have provided key insights into the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 and enabled investigation of individual outbreaks and transmission chains in specific settings. Phylodynamic approaches combine evolutionary, demographic and epidemiological concepts and have helped track virus genetic changes, identify emerging variants and inform public health strategy. Here, we review and synthesize studies that illustrate how phylogenetic and phylodynamic techniques were applied during the first year of the pandemic, and summarize their contributions to our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control.

确定严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染的传播性、流行率和传播模式对于我们了解大流行的影响和设计有效的控制策略至关重要。系统发育（进化树）为了解 SARS-CoV-2 的国际传播提供了重要见解，并能够对特定环境下的个体疫情和传播链进行调查。系统动力学方法结合了进化、人口统计和流行病学概念，有助于追踪病毒遗传变化、识别新出现的变异并为公共卫生策略提供信息。在这里，我们回顾并综合了一些研究，这些研究说明了在大流行的第一年如何应用系统发育和系统动力学技术，并总结了它们对我们理解 SARS-CoV-2 传播和控制的贡献。