The aim of this scoping review was to determine the characteristics of studies evaluating fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as its effects and safety as a therapeutic intervention for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a scoping review following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline until September 19, 2021. Studies that used FMT in people living with HIV and explored its effects on the health of these people were included. Two randomized and 2 uncontrolled clinical trials with a total of 55 participants were included. Participants were well-controlled HIV-infected people. Regarding microbiota changes, three studies found significant post-FMT increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, α-diversity, Chao index, and/or Shannon index, and/or decreases in Bacteroides. Regarding markers of intestinal damage, one study found a decrease in intestinal fatty acid binding protein post-FMT, and another study found an increase in zonulin. Other outcomes evaluated by the studies were as follows: markers of immune and inflammatory activation, markers of immunocompetence (CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes), and HIV viral load; however, none showed significant changes. Clinical outcomes were not evaluated by these studies. Regarding the safety of FMT, only mild adverse events were appreciated. No serious adverse event was reported. The clinical evidence for FMT in people living with HIV is sparse. FMT appears to have good tolerability and, no serious adverse event has been reported so far. Further clinical trials and evaluation of clinically important biomedical outcomes for FMT in people living with HIV are needed.

中文翻译：

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人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者的粪便微生物群移植：范围界定审查

本范围界定审查的目的是确定评估粪便微生物群移植 (FMT) 的研究的特征，及其作为人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染者治疗干预的效果和安全性。我们按照 Joanna Briggs Institute 的方法进行了范围界定审查。我们搜索了以下数据库：PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 Medline，截止日期为 2021 年 9 月 19 日。在 HIV 感染者中使用 FMT 并探索其对这些人健康影响的研究均包括在内。纳入了 2 项随机和 2 项非对照临床试验，共有 55 名参与者。参与者是控制良好的 HIV 感染者。关于微生物群的变化，三项研究发现 FMT 后显着增加梭杆菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、α-多样性、Chao 指数和/或香农指数，和/或拟杆菌属减少。关于肠道损伤的标志物，一项研究发现 FMT 后肠道脂肪酸结合蛋白减少，另一项研究发现连蛋白增加。研究评估的其他结果如下：免疫和炎症激活标志物、免疫能力标志物（CD4 ⁺和 CD8 ⁺T 淋巴细胞）和 HIV 病毒载量；但是，没有一个显示出重大变化。这些研究未评估临床结果。关于 FMT 的安全性，仅对轻微的不良事件表示赞赏。没有报告严重不良事件。在 HIV 感染者中进行 FMT 的临床证据很少。FMT 似乎具有良好的耐受性，目前还没有严重不良事件的报道。需要对 HIV 感染者进行 FMT 的临床重要生物医学结果进行进一步的临床试验和评估。