The energy consumption of electric vehicles depends not only on the traction energy but also on the thermal comfort energy. Some studies lead to the estimation of this energy consumption from real measurements on different driving and climatic conditions. However, those results rely on a large number of vehicle tests, which is time-consuming. Moreover, the impacts of the different subsystems cannot be differentiated in such global studies. A flexible simulation tool can help to analyze the impact of the different parts of a vehicle. This article proposes a multiphysical parametrized model of an electric vehicle, including the traction and comfort subsystems. A flexible model of a Renault Zoe is developed due to the energetic macroscopic representation. This model is validated by experimental tests of the real vehicle. Then, the impact of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) subsystem is studied for different driving cycles and climatic conditions. In very cold conditions, the use of the HVAC subsystem represents an increase of up to 248% of the total energy consumption, compared to summer conditions.

中文翻译：

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灵活模拟电动汽车以评估热舒适性对能耗的影响


电动汽车的能耗不仅取决于牵引能量，还取决于热舒适能量。一些研究通过不同驾驶和气候条件下的实际测量来估算这种能源消耗。然而，这些结果依赖于大量的车辆测试，这非常耗时。此外，在此类全球研究中无法区分不同子系统的影响。灵活的仿真工具可以帮助分析车辆不同部件的影响。本文提出了电动汽车的多物理参数化模型，包括牵引力和舒适性子系统。由于充满活力的宏观表现，雷诺 Zoe 的灵活模型得以开发。该模型通过实车实验测试得到验证。然后，研究了供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC) 子系统对不同驾驶循环和气候条件的影响。在非常寒冷的条件下，与夏季条件相比，HVAC 子系统的使用意味着总能耗增加高达 248%。